Numerical error
Eminent Indian mathematician and physicist Alladi Ramakrishnan died at the age of 85 this week. Known for his innovative thinking and openness to new ideas, he created the Institute of Mathematical Sciences in Chennai inspired by Neils Bohr, who visited his family home there.
Coincidentally, in a study by World Bank economists (the results of which would certainly have won Ramakrishnan's approval), India has been warned to bridge the gap in mathematical knowledge among its school goers or face a huge rich-poor divide based on math skills! The researchers tested 14 year old students in Rajasthan and Orissa to find that they were either very good or very bad in the subject. The performance was judged against benchmarks set in 51 other countries. Close to 17 million Indian students did not meet the lowest international benchmark of basic mathematical knowledge. This puts average Indian students among the worst scorers in mathematics. However, those who score well actually score exceptionally well -- close to one lakh such students.
What are the reasons behind this sharp divide? Where are we failing? What can be done bridge this gap?

Comments
Interesting. Might you have a link to the study referenced?
Posted by: Prashant | June 11, 2008 10:07 PM
Indian system is complex because people are complex. There may be as many reasons as thinkers in this country but observation converges to one -- we are not sincere in our mission. We perform to get things recorded, to increase our bank balance, to shine overnight without much ground performance. The correct situation can be mapped if 610 districts of India are allowed to function under the control of the Deputy Commissioners, the untapped brains of this country. Most of the time they are kept occupied with visiting ministers and red and blue files. Thinkers and intellectuals sitting in AC rooms can't bring change. They can act as guides the way our National Knowledge Commission does.
Posted by: Dr. R. Dayal Yadav | June 12, 2008 12:50 AM
Hi Prasahant,
The study is not online yet. However, you can see earlier reports of the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) here:
http://nces.ed.gov/timss/
Posted by: Subhra Priyadarshini | June 12, 2008 07:19 AM
This is an interesting finding. The perception in the Western world is that Indians do well in maths. But obviously they don't see the 17 million sample. They only see the small number that come to the Western universities for higher education. I wonder how the results would look if we just looked at the central schools- "Kendriya Vidyalayas".
- Krish
Posted by: Krishnan Ramanathan | June 18, 2008 03:37 PM
I hated maths right after my class 8. And what reasons do I give for this hatred?
1. When I was first taught that the area of a rectangle is its length multiplied to its breadth I was never told the reason why it is so. When I asked my teacher, he said he didn't know. So for a student it became a mugging business where he had to mug up formula or some fixed tricks to solve problems.
2. Most of my classmates joined tuitions where under-qualified tutors taught them chapters much before they were taken up in class. Half the class never paid attention in school for they knew they would be or have been taught in the tuitions. The other half -- a large number of students who wanted to learn in class -- failed to do so as other classmates were frolicking around.
3. The teachers themselves don't know what is to be taught and lack scientific temper. Teachers seldom look up the latest research. Teaching is not a lucrative profession. Therefore, talented people never get to become teachers. How can we expect talent to be nurtured when the not so talented lobby of people become teachers?
Posted by: Swastik Phulera | June 18, 2008 05:17 PM
Hi Krish,
Could you please elaborate why you make a special mention of the Kendriya Vidyalayas?
Prashant: The link you sent in does not seem to lead one to the right place.
Posted by: Subhra Priyadarshini | June 19, 2008 07:55 AM
Well I would take this with a pinch of realistic expectation. We need to be clear what type of maths skills we are talking about - is it the skills to give and receive money change during the daily visit to the grocery shops, or is it advanced skills like Tensors and von Neumann algebra.
Surely India's problem is education, but we also need to be aware that only a very small percentage of people, less than 5% actually have the brain makeup to be interested or grasp abstract concepts like maths. Having a 1 billion population, we surely do have a large 5%, which makes our country naturally the place with 70% share of world software development. The rest 95% are generally not very interested in maths unless it has concrete application in life, or which directly endangers their physical survival (a link which they comprehend).
Now, talented people being only 5% or less, we need to view the the projected great rich-poor divide with a bit of realism and skepticism.
First, actually the rich may not have math skills more than the average person, they know how to make and keep money which requires a different orientation than math skills being alluded here. The reality is a person like Ramakrishnan is less likely to become rich (unless he got family property), simply because he spends more energy and time in pursuing maths and abstract concepts in life, rather than money.
Secondly the gap in maths skills can't be bridged if we are talking about maths skills which Ramakrisnan had, simply because 95% or more people are not interested and do not have the brain makeup to do that.
However, education that helps development is not maths, but awareness and information, what opportunities one has, and how to realize them. Till a few years back in America a truck driver used to earn more than a PhD university professor. That was possible because the society and infrastructure allowed people to utilize their potential, even they did not have high-end maths skills.
Literacy or maths skills is only one part of education. And being rich or poor is not only because of education but structure of the societal systems. The issues are much complex than which can be modeled simply by lack or presence of math skills. So I would suggest that readers take this with a bit of realism, that maths literacy can reduce poverty in India.
Posted by: Amitava Biswas | June 24, 2008 03:18 PM
The reason I had asked about "Kendriya Vidyalayas" was that in my impression, they are much more normalized and may be representative of the education quality that a middle class may undergo. Some of the state run institutions in my mind may have higher or lower quality dependent on the state. The private schools, of course, will be all over the place. So, it is really hard to generalize based on a pooled analysis.
- Krish
Posted by: Krish Ramanathan | July 2, 2008 04:24 PM