This blog is for authors and aspiring authors of Nature Publishing Group journals. Here we provide information and author-related news about Nature Publishing Group, its journals and products. We warmly welcome your feedback and comments. We answer questions from past, present and future authors; give guidance about how to publish in our journals; and provide a discussion forum for policy and other matters concerning authorship.

“I have crossed 20,000 leagues in that submarine tour of the world, which has revealed so many wonders….And to the question asked by Ecclesiastes three thousand years ago, “That which is far off and exceeding deep, who can find it out?” two men alone of all now living have the right to give an answer— Captain Nemo and myself." These words, from the closing passages of Jules Verne’s 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea, are a poetic allegory for the search for scientific knowledge. At this blog we aim to provide some navigational help to enable you to publish your best research in our journals.

You are welcome to contact us by e-mail at 'authors at nature dot com' with questions and suggestions of topics to feature on this blog.

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Whistle-blower in court to seek reinstatement

From Nature 453, 145 (8 May2008):
A researcher who blew the whistle over animal-rights issues at the University of Nevada in Reno went to court last week to try to win his job back after being fired.
Nutrition researcher Hussein Hussein, a tenured professor, was sacked last month by university president Milton Glick, despite a recommendation by a university administrative hearing that he merely be reprimanded or demoted. Four years ago, Hussein reported deficiencies in the care of laboratory animals that led to US$11,400 in fines against the university. He claims the university sought to fire him in retaliation.
After the administrative hearing, he was cleared of charges of plagiarizing graduate student work, but found to have incorrectly reported on $377,000 in grants, thus denying the university overhead costs.
Hussein's lawyer asked a Nevada judge to reinstate him, arguing that he was improperly fired. A spokeswoman says the university acted appropriately, and will vigorously defend its actions.

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Stimulating progress by changing research direction

Is scientific progress being stifled by a lack of support for researchers who aim to change research directions? This is the question asked in Nature Cell Biology's May Editorial (10, 499; 2008).

At a time when cell biologists are exposed more than ever to diverse fields of research, it is notable that we are not seeing a parallel increase in researchers moving into new areas. There are certainly compelling examples of cell biologists who have successfully maintained more than one research focus or shifted the direction of their laboratory entirely — but not as many as one might expect. Perhaps people really do have a healthy obsession with their particular research focus, but is there also a fear of failure that is being compounded by the current funding and publishing process?

The Editorial goes on to identify some initiatives designed to encourage this type of innovation, for example schemes such as the Pioneer Award, requiring that "the proposed research must reflect ideas substantially different from those already being pursued in the investigator's laboratory or elsewhere".
Some fields, particularly smaller ones, can be harder to break into than others, partly because of a sense of "ownership" by those working in the discipline. According to the Editorial, "No doubt some of the best research is done by those who appreciate a particular system in all its depth and complexity; however, a fresh view can provide clarity. Exploring new areas may be risky for the individual but there is no question that it drives overall research progress."

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How to give a good presentation

Presenting at a conference is a unique opportunity to communicate your work. Editors attend many conferences, and although they may not address an audience often, they have plenty of opportunity to observe presentation skills.
Nature Methods (5, 371 - 372; 2008), in its May Editorial, makes ten suggestions for making the most of such presentational opportunities, and invites readers to add their own tips and comments at its blog Methagora. The Nature Methods list:
1. Plan for the allotted time.
2. Know your audience.
3. Define your goals.
4. Structure your talk.
5. Keep your slides simple (content).
6. Keep your slides simple (design).
7. Beware of animations and multimedia.
8. Watch your delivery.
9. Choose your words.
10. Rehearse!
Advice can also be found on Nature Network: see Lab Daze blog; End of the Pier Show blog; Expression Patterns blog; and a post in the Visualization and Science forum, in which Hilary Spencer provides some very good, practical advice about the balance between information and presentation in Power Point slides.

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The week on Nature Network: Friday 9 May

This weekly Nautilus column highlights some of the online discussion at Nature Network in the preceding week that is of relevance to scientists as authors.
The Nature Network week column is archived here.

An early collaboration between academics and industry is revealed in Scott Keir's news article. In a unique collaboration between crystallographers and designers, the story of Festival of Britain's Pattern Group is told for the first time at the Wellcome Collection’s London exhibition From Atoms to Patterns, which runs till 10 August. All but one of the contemporary (1950s) crystallographers took part anonymously and are unmasked here for the first time. “It does seem to have been perceived as a risk to venture outside academia—and to associate with trade and commerce”, comments co-curator Emily Jo Sargent.
Charles Darwin continues his assessment of science as discussed in the media, this time turning his attention to television. So far as the UK terrestrial channels are concerned, he found one factual science programme in 6 days, stimulating some acerbic comments, for "what now appears is – if I may coin a phrase – parascience. It does not deal with the raw work of our noble trade, but its applied results in society and the environment."
The University of Rockefeller Press, publisher of Journal of Cell Biology and other journals, has joined the publishers who no longer ask authors of research papers for copyright. The new policy is highlighted by Richard Grant at his blog The Scientist, and there is a comment thread that includes clarification of Nature Publishing Group's licence to publsh policies. And at Nature Precedings forum, the discussion of search, self-archiving, citations and "findability" started last week, continues apace.
Some journals apparently send unsolicited emails to authors asking them to submit their manuscripts. This practice is discussed at Gobbledygook blog, particularly in relation to open-access journals. The blog's author, Martin Fenner, advises potential authors so approached to "first check whether the journal (if it is a biomedical journal) is indexed in Medline and either has a reasonable impact factor or (for new journals) receives enough citations" before deciding whether to submit a manuscript.
Many journals do not approach potential authors in this way. Senior Nature editor Henry Gee addresses the question of Editors and the Research Agenda at his blog End of the Pier Show, in a post stimulated by Pedro Belatro's comment: "I also would like to see editors having a stronger say in the research agenda. They spend so much time reading, researching and deciding what should be interesting for a certain community, why not be more vocal about their ideas?" Henry writes: "What editors don’t do is go on the stump, making general statements about the specific subjects they’d like to see papers cover, and what they don’t like. There are many good reasons for this. The first is that all papers are welcome, simply because some of the most important papers are the most unexpected. Another, I think, is that to be too specific about what sort of things we like is to throw the game of science: editors aren’t in the business of shaping science, they are there to select the best papers for their journals. The two are not mutually exclusive, but they are distinct."
In a previous post, Henry tackles another topic of perennial interest: science careers and sexism. In commissioning a series of scientific profiles for Nature, Henry writes: "I scrupulously invited as many women as men to participate, so it was a surprise to me to learn (as perhaps it should not have been) that women featured disproportionately rarely in the published result." He goes on to question why this should be.
While on the subject of careers and training, debate continues at the News and Opinion forum on education: are we training too many scientists? ; and what's the value of molecular evolution training? Michael Thain, a UK biology school teacher writes: I have long lamented the almost complete lack of any developmental biology, certainly of non-human animals, in school biology. Indeed, as my colleagues are keen to complain, it is difficult at present to see how any school biology student can appreciate from their studies that there is a biosphere filled with non-humans. Extraordinary, isn’t it? And disgraceful." Please join us there to provide your views on these provocative Nature Commentaries.
Finally, at the Good Paper Journal club group, now numbering more than 100 members, the topic of definition of error bars is currently under the microscope.

Previous Nature Network columns


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Researchers need to explain why they use animals

The editorial in this month's Nature Immunology describes how some scientists are working proactively to prevent the harassment and harm of researchers who work on non-human animals. A letter in last week's Correspondence section of Nature (452, 934; 2008) suggests that more researchers need to take on this task. The text of the Correspondence:

Your News story 'Animal-rights activists invade Europe (Nature 451, 1034–1035; 2008) highlights the need for medical researchers to do more to communicate to the public the reasons why they need to use animals in their research and what this involves. All too often, there is a tendency to wait until extremism becomes intolerable before taking steps to counter it (see Nature 452, 282; 2008). The little information about animal research available to the public is frequently oversimplified and tends to be over-reliant on the perceived authority of the author. The scientific literature usually requires subscription to access it and scientific training to understand it. This leaves information gaps through which antivivisectionist groups can push their propaganda.
Organizations such as the Research Defence Society do much to address this deficit, but have limited resources and cannot be expected to counter the animal-rights campaigners alone. Anyone who is wondering why somebody doesn't debunk misleading claims made about them or their colleagues should consider the possibility that they are that 'somebody'. Even those who are not prepared to go public can always provide detailed explanations of their work and that of others in the field to scientific advocacy campaigns.
A fact your report didn't mention is that the new biomedical laboratory in Oxford — which, by the way, will house mostly rodents and very few monkeys — has been built. In a campaign that complemented the efforts of the police and government, Pro-Test were able to counter the animal-rights group Speak ('The voice for the animals') by capitalizing on the overwhelming support for the new laboratory among Oxford students and local politicians.
Extremism can be defeated, but only if scientists stand up and expose the myths and distortions that fuel it.

Further Nautilus discussion on the topic of animal experimentation can be found here.

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UCSD-Nature Signaling Gateway seeks renewed funding

The USCD-Nature Signaling Gateway would like to apply for continued funding from the US National Institutes of Health. If you are a researcher in this field, or if you are interested in this area and have been reading the articles and other content on the Gateway, please show your support by writing a letter to the team via this web form, before 30 May. Your response will help keep the content on the site freely available for all users.
The UCSD-Nature Signaling Gateway is a comprehensive and up-to-the-minute resource for anyone interested in signal transduction. The gateway represents a unique collaboration between the University of California San Diego (UCSD) and Nature Publishing Group, and is designed to facilitate navigation of the complex world of research into cellular signalling. Information and data presented here are freely available to all. It is powered by the San Diego Supercomputer Center (SDSC). It has won the Association of Learned and Professional Society Publishers (ALPSP) Award for Publishing Innovation for ‘a significantly innovative approach to any aspect of publication’.
The Signaling Gateway site has three main components: a data centre (repository and toolkits); Molecule Pages (structured data on key proteins); and Signaling Update (news and comment). The Signaling Gateway is an example of a pioneering business model that allows the scientific community free access to the wealth of cell signaling information through sponsorship, described in an article by Electronic Publishing Services as ‘the door to the future’

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Special issue of Heredity on experimental evolution

The journal Heredity is publishing a special issue on experimental evolution, under the guest editorship of Graham Bell. The goal of experimental evolution is to understand the mechanics of adaptation by observing the outcome of natural selection in simplified laboratory microcosms. The experimental approach allows us to study fundamental features of evolution such as the fixation of beneficial mutations, the extent of specialization, the repeatability of adaptation and the effect of sex. The May issue of Heredity marks the great expansion of the field in recent years. It features mainly work on microbial and viral systems concerned with the genetic basis of adaptation, and the complications introduced by conflicting sources of selection and complex social interactions.
Visit the Heredity website to read the articles, all free to access.
Editorial: Experimental evolution
G Bell
Reviews
The spread of a beneficial mutation in experimental bacterial populations: the influence of the environment and genotype on the fixation of rpoS mutations
T Ferenci
Predicting evolution from genomics: experimental evolution of bacteriophage T7
J J Bull and I J Molineux
Experimental evolution: Experimental evolution and evolvability
N Colegrave and S Collins
The tragedy of the commons in microbial populations: insights from theoretical, comparative and experimental studies
R C MacLean
Experimental evolution of plant RNA viruses
S F Elena, P Agudelo-Romero, P Carrasco, F M Codoñer, S Martín, C Torres-Barceló and R Sanjuán
Kin selection and the evolution of virulence
A Buckling and M A Brockhurst.