" /> In The Field: December 2006 Archives

« November 2006 | Main | January 2007 »

December 29, 2006

Cloned animals deemed safe to eat

US regulators prepare to OK food made from cloned animals.

The US government has released a draft proposal declaring that food from cloned cattle, pigs and goats is "likely to be as safe as" food from their non-cloned counterparts. The draft, released yesterday, arrives more than five years after the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requested a voluntary moratorium on the use of cloned animals or their offspring for food until their safety could be assessed.

Read the story here.

December 28, 2006

United States focuses on polar bears' plight

Government proposes steps to save conservation icon.

The United States has admitted what conservationists have been saying for years — that the polar bear is in danger of losing its battle with habitat loss. A new government proposal suggests that the species be listed as 'threatened' as a result of melting Arctic ice.

Read the story here.

December 22, 2006

Premature medication

Handing out experimental drugs to desperate patients is not a good idea, says Apoorva Mandavilli.
At first glance it seems only kind and right to let people with serious illnesses take whatever medicines they want. Some have campaigned so hard for this that the US Food and Drug Administration agreed on 11 December to let patients buy experimental drugs direct from the manufacturer when there are no other options available.

Read the story here.

Virtual reality shocker

Torturing even a lifeless computer character makes volunteers upset.

Researchers have recreated in a virtual world one of the most extreme social experiments ever performed in the real world. The results suggest that virtual environments could provide a way to explore human nature in ways that ethical concerns could make impossible to do for real.

Read the story here.

Planet hunt ready for lift-off

COROT mission to find new worlds set for late-December launch.

A European mission to scan the skies for signs of other worlds is set to launch next week. The six-year mission will also measure ripples from stellar cores to find out what distant stars are made of.

Read the story here.

Singapore’s international complaint dismissed

The pursuit of a physician across borders has fallen at the high court.

A British court has cleared the way for a prominent English epilepsy expert to return to research, after a protracted international dispute over studies four years ago in Singapore.

Read the story here.

Prions removed from animal blood

Filtration technique could make transfusions safer, its inventors say.

A US-led research team has developed a technique to filter potentially deadly prion proteins from blood. They suggest that the method should be used routinely in attempts to remove prions, which can cause variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (vCJD), from blood products used for transfusions.

Read more here

December 21, 2006

Silent mutations speak up

Overlooked genetic changes could impact on disease.

Biologists have realized that the genetic code harbours a layer of information that they have largely ignored. Again.

Read the story here.

2006 in review

A romp through ten of this year's big science developments.

Read it here. And let us know what we missed!

Whatever happened to...

News@nature.com checks in on some favourite stories of 2006 to see how they turned out.

Read it here.

December 20, 2006

Polonium official danger rating may get upgrade

Atomic agency considering revising opinion of spy poison.

The poisoning of former Soviet spy Alexander Litvinenko has prompted the International Atomic Energy Agency to consider whether the safety rating of the substance involved — polonium-210 — should be upgraded.

Read the news in brief piece here.

The mammal that can smell underwater

Moles blow bubbles to capture underwater scents.

Star-nosed moles have already snuffled their way into the Guinness Book of World Records as the world's fastest eaters. Now the tiny animals — balls of grey-black fur with claws and a flowery pink nose — have set another record: the first mammals to be caught sniffing out their prey underwater.

Read the story here.

The backpack that's easier to carry

Backpack on bungees makes hiking less weary.

Bouncing backpacks can make hiking easier, researchers have shown.

Read the story here.

Dragon virgin births startle zoo keepers

Non-sexual reproduction could lower the fitness of captive animals.

A nativity story with a twist is playing out this Christmas in two zoos in the UK. At Chester Zoo, a Komodo dragon named Flora awaits the birth of eight babies, and another four dragons have already hatched at London Zoo — each and every one the product of a virgin conception.

Read the story here.

Fat people harbour 'fat' microbes

Your gut bacteria may help to determine your holiday weight gain.

The obese are often blamed for their own corpulence. But perhaps, just perhaps, some of the blame should be placed on another type of organism entirely: bacteria.

Read the story here.

Good gift guide

From carbon offsets to saving a single whale, there are plenty of 'good' gifts out there. But are they really as good as they seem? Read our news story on climate offsets, and discuss the rest here...

Plans for 2007

Here we are at the end of the year. You can find our special celebrating 2006 here.

One of our most popular features this year was to ask you all what you were doing on the summer solstice (you can read that again here). Now we want to know what you have planned for 2007. What big projects are you planning? What scientific results to you hope to get - or find out about? Let us know!

Nature Podcast 21 Dec

On this week's bumper double-issue Nature Podcast we hear how our gut microbes affect our body weight, explore insect chemoreception, explain Komodo dragon virgin births, say bye-bye to Brief Comms, find a novel gamma-ray burst, learn how to starve tumours, and have more on the evolution of flight and the social lives of meerkats.

Listen | About


THIS WEEK'S TOPIC FOR DISCUSSION: see our Human Gut Microbes video and tell us what you think this research tells us about the obesity epidemic.


To SUBSCRIBE to the Nature Podcast for FREE copy and paste this URL into iTunes or your preferred media player or RSS reader:
http://www.nature.com/nature/podcast/rss/nature.xml

December 18, 2006

Malaria vaccine strategies get boost

Money and research results both on the up.

Christmas came early last week to researchers who aim to conquer malaria — the mosquito-borne disease that kills over a million people every year. In a first-ever summit on the disease at the White House, US President Bush announced an expansion of his Malaria Initiative, which has dedicated an extra US$1.2 billion to cut malaria-related deaths by 50% in targeted African countries within five years. The number of targeted countries has now expanded to fifteen from last year's seven.

Read the story here.

Darwin's cheque found in portrait frame

Signed document could provide insight to Darwin's character.

Whenever science historian John van Wyhe passed through the old library of Christ's College at Cambridge University, he took a moment to glance at a photo of Charles Darwin hanging on the wall. "I've always been curious about it, because in the frame there's a signature on a bit of paper, and it looks like there's something written on the back."

Read the story here.

December 17, 2006

People track scents in same way as dogs

Human reputation for poor sense of smell is down to lack of practice.

If you think only hounds can track a scent trail, think again: people can follow their noses too, a new study says. And they do so in a way very similar to dogs, suggesting we're not so bad at detecting smells — we're just out of practice.

Read the story here.

December 15, 2006

Tainted by association?

Richard Doll's links with industry are disconcerting but hardly scandalous. And they don't make him a villain, says Philip Ball.

Few things will polarize opinion like the dressing down of a recently deceased and revered figure. That's clear enough in the debate that has followed the recent media splash on accusations that Sir Richard Doll, the British epidemiologist credited with identifying the link between smoking and lung cancer in the 1950s, compromised the integrity of his research by receiving consultancy payments from the chemicals industry.

Read the column here.

Time for the chop

The world has been offered a rare chance to cut the risk of HIV, if only circumcision can be offered widely and safely.

The evidence is now overwhelming: circumcision can have a huge effect on the spread of HIV, cutting risks of infection in African men by about half. Now it's up to the World Health Organisation to decide whether they should advise certain countries to offer circumcision on a massive scale.

Read the column here.

Edison's bulbs fail to light up auction

First all-science collection sells modestly at Christie's.

Wanted: a home for Thomas Alva Edison's light bulbs, which failed to reach their reserve price in a rare auction of scientific objects, manuscripts and books.

Read the story here.

AGU: Gore speaks

Well, Al Gore has been here and gone. He spoke for an hour to a packed ballroom, and crowds also filled overflow rooms to watch a closed-circuit broadcast of his talk.

He started out with many of the same stories he trots out in his movie, An Inconvenient Truth, and in the talks he's been giving on climate change around the country. Yes, he introduced himself as the man who used to be the next president of the United States. Yes, the audience laughed dutifully.

But he also tested the waters on a new topic - the loss of reason as a driving force in America. There are reports he will have a book out early next year, The Assault on Reason.

Here's Gore: "I’ve come to believe that the reason why knowledge, and science as the most refined category in the field of knowledge, seems now to be paying a less important role than it did in the past has to do with a fairly dramatic change in the ways in which we communicate information among ourselves....The meritocracy of ideas has virtually disappeared in the television space....As a result the role of knowledge and reason and logic has been diminished."

Gore called on the assembled scientists to engage with the public, to clearly communicate the results of their science - particularly any findings having to do with climate change: "When you come into possession of a truth that has deep implications for the future, and find courage to express it … you will find that the force of that truth will move obstacles from your path."

No, we don't know if he's running for president in 2008. Yes, he got a standing ovation - and signed autographs before slipping out of the ballroom.

AGU: Do typhoons cause earthquakes?

Sometimes a couple of scientific instruments, in just the right place, can trigger all sorts of new investigations. Take the three strainmeters that the Carnegie Institution of Washington placed along the eastern coast of Taiwan starting in 2003. Alan Linde and Selwyn Sacks, working with their Taiwanese colleagues, were trying to figure out why the area didn't seem to have as many large earthquakes as it should - being located on the boundary of two tectonics plates and all.

Instead, the scientists arrived at a whole new theory. Typhoons passing over the island, the team argues, release pressure on the land and allows the faults there to slip at very high, but very slow and non-dangerous, rates. In essence, tropical storms enable a lot of very small earthquakes and prevent the large and dangerous ones.

It's a very cool concept that, unfortunately, may not apply other areas of the world. The US Gulf Coast, for instance, is not at high risk of killer earthquakes and thus could conceivably be saved by hurricanes. But Japanese scientists are interested in extending the work to their country, Sacks told me at his poster session this morning.

"This is a big surprise for us," he said. "It's the kind of finding that is driven by data, not by insight."

December 14, 2006

Deep sea yields record-breaking bug

Sub-seafloor microbes perform ancient biochemical trick in scalding heat.

A heat-busting bug has been found that can create usable nitrogen at the extreme temperature of 92 °C — breaking the old record by 28 °C.

Read the story here.

Comet born of our own Sun

Solar material in comet dust brings confusion about Solar System modelling.

When scientists first analysed comet dust collected by the Stardust spacecraft earlier this year, they were surprised that the grains seemed to have all originated in very hot environments - the heart of a star (see 'Comet chasers get mineral shock'). Astronomers were confused at the idea that the star in question could be our own Sun. How was this material transported from the hot interior of our early Solar System to the cold, outer reaches where the comet actually coalesced? Their models of the Solar System, they feared, might have to be rethought.

Read the story here.

Dolphin feared extinct in polluted Yangtze

Overfishing and boat noise are killing aquatic mammals in Chinese river.

Human activity in China's Yangtze river is causing the region's dolphins to go extinct — and more species will follow if fishing is not regulated, conservationists have warned.

Read the story here.

AGU: Al Gore is coming

The big buzz for today is Al Gore's scheduled 12:30 talk on climate science and policy-making. Unfortunately, he won't be taking any questions, either from the audience or from reporters. But it should be interesting to hear what he has to say.

His movie An Inconvenient Truth is of course now out on DVD - and he's challenging the public to host a wave of viewing parties, with the first this Saturday. What do you think - is he gearing up for another presidential run in 2008? Is climate an issue that American voters care about? If not, should they?

AGU: other conference bloggers

Some other people are also blogging this conference. Check them out:

-Andrew Alden, of About.com

- Joshua Colwell, with some good planetary science updates

- Kevin Vranes, who promises a good climate posting shortly

- Google Earth Blog, reporting on the 'virtual globes' sessions here

- Someone over at LiveJournal, with a focus on the traditional conference activities of drinking and hooking up

Gavin Schmidt of RealClimate will be talking about blogging and the global warming debate on Friday - unfortunately, I'll be gone.

And a thanks to Charlie Petit of the Knight Science Journalism Tracker, who thrilled me by linking to my blog ... although it seems to have since vanished off his page. Hmm. Anyway, Charlie - a longtime science journalist, formerly of the San Francisco Chronicle and US News and World Report - does a fantastic job of rounding up science journalism coverage every day, with his indomitable commentary on who's doing the best job around. Check it out.

December 13, 2006

AGU: The rovers that just won't die

Those Mars rovers, Spirit and Opportunity, just keep rovin' along.

We science journalists have written that story time after time. The darn things just don't die. For the third consecutive year, project scientists presented their findings at a packed AGU press briefing.

Life for the twin rovers is getting tougher. Spirit spent the entire Martian winter - April through December - hunkered down to try to save energy. Its right front wheel is jammed, and mission controllers have to drive the thing in reverse. The radioisotope-powered alpha proton x-ray spectrometer instrument has been through so many half lives now that it takes days to conduct analyses that used to take hours.

And yet, says project scientist Ray Arvidson, "it's still exciting to come into work every day." Then he turns to Steve Squyres, the rovers' lead scientist, a slight glint of desperation in his eye. "Right, Steve? Right??"

Nature Podcast 14 December

On this week's Nature Podcast we look at the perception of pain, what fossils can tell us about diet, a new group of ancient gliding mammals, and we have more on Martian horizons, the science and politics of vivisection, and the secrets of botox.

Listen | About

THIS WEEK'S TOPIC FOR DISCUSSION: Should it be up to politicians, scientists or the public to make the case for animal experimentation?


To SUBSCRIBE to the Nature Podcast for FREE copy and paste this URL into iTunes or your preferred media player or RSS reader:
http://www.nature.com/nature/podcast/rss/nature.xml

Pamela Anderson at cell-biology conference

Cell biologists compete to bring science to the public.

The connection between the hardcore world of molecular cell biology and Pamela Anderson's plastic surgery may not seem obvious. But last night, graduate student Ben Dubin-Thaler of Columbia University in New York earned glory for spelling it out in one verse of a three-minute poem. To study cells in the lab, he said, you first grow them on to a matrix of proteins:

"It could be fibronectin or laminin,
Or it could be collagen — like the lips of Pam Anderson."

The mutation that takes away pain

Studies of rare disorder shed light on pain mechanism.

Imagine being unable to feel any pain at all. For a tiny handful of people, that is the reality — and medical researchers have now pinpointed the mutation that removes their ability to perceive painful sensations.

Read more here

Animal research

Few scientific issues have the power to fire up emotions like the topic of animal research. In a special report, Nature explores the views of researchers and looks at the future of animal studies. As part of our investigation, we conducted an anonymous survey of more than 1,000 readers to find out what biomedical scientists really think.

Find all our news stories and features here. And let us know what you think!

Saying goodbye to periods

Can women eliminate menstrual bleeding without problems?

Menstrual periods are an unnecessary nuisance that could be eliminated from women's lives with little harm. That's the message starting to spread from specialists in reproductive medicine.

Read the story here.

ASCB: Movie night

Cell biology can be really hard to explain in words. So sometimes it helps to kick back, pop some corn and watch a video instead.

Tonight, we witnessed the glory of CellDance - the cell biology movie competition, held at this meeting every year. And that means we got to watch a lot of pretty pictures that, when you think about it, kind of blow your mind.

Cell biologists love their movies, so the competition is tough. This year, the winner, Rachel Fink of Mt. Holyoke College, made a short video called, "Run Silent, Run Deep." It showed single cell edging its way through a fish embryo, in search of its proper place. In the video, the front edge of the cell fluouresces brightly because it's engineered to glow when a certain protein is active. That protein is key to cell movement - so the cell's leading edge lights up like fireworks.

It's pretty incredible that we can see things like this happening in real time, thanks to the recent huge boom in imaging technologies. Hopefully, this and the other winners from this year will be posted soon here. In the meantime, check out last year's winners here .

AGU: The saving grace

The GRACE satellites are really very cool. Imagine: You've got two trapezoidal-looking satellites, chasing each other constantly above Earth's poles. They're about 130 miles apart from each other, but can measure their precise separation down to the precision of a single micron. GRACE is all about gravitational anomalies; big masses that shift around on Earth's surface exhibit subtle pulls on the satellites. And slight changes in distance between the two reveal how the masses are moving down below.

Those masses include water. Water is heavy, Jay Famiglietti of the University of California, Irvine, told the meeting today. Since its 2002 launch, GRACE has watched monsoon rains pile up in some regions of the world, like the MIssissippi river basin, and dry out in others, such as the Congo basin.

Water shifting around, as seen from space - that's just cool. Nature subscribers can read more in a News & Views article published here.

AGU: Mountains on Titan

There are mountains on Saturn's moon Titan! Big ones! This newsblog won't let me post images, so check out the very cool pix here.

AGU: How to deal with Congress

Lots of well-meaning scientists invade Capitol Hill every year, meeting with lawmakers and (usually) arguing for more money for their disciplines. David Goldston, chief of staff for the House Science Committee, had some tips today for how researchers could best survive Washington. He's worked on the Hill for 20 years, so this man knows what he's talking about. Call them Goldston's Top Tips:

1. Don't claim that science provides an easy answer to questions of policy. Establishing the relationship between greenhouse gas emissions and temperature rise is something scientists can and should do. Telling politicians how to regulate emissions is not.

2. Be very clear about the levels of uncertainty in your scientific field. In other words, don't try to sound like you know more than you do.

3. Do your homework. Realize the issues that are facing Congress every day, and that your inevitable plea for science funding will be balanced against competing priorities - say, the Iraq war or health care for children.

4. Remember Tip O'Neill's adage that all politics is local. Get to know your Congressional representatives at home, on their home turf. They'll listen to you better there than in Washington.

It'll be interesting to see how many of the geophysicists in the room will take all four to heart in January, when the new Congress convenes.

December 12, 2006

AGU: The question of scientific consensus

Peter Gleick, a water expert at the Pacific Institute in California, took issue this morning with the issue of consensus in science. His advice on how to deal with politicians and the public:

Don't say: 'Climate change is a big problem because most climate scientists agree it is a big problem.'

Say instead: 'Most climate scientists think climate change is a big problem because the best science available has convinced them it's a problem.'

It's a subtle argument, but a good one that is often lost in the public and political hoopla about what to do over climate change. Yes, consensus in science is a good thing to know about -- but just saying a lot of scientists believe in Position X doesn't make Position X right.

Laughter: it's catching

Happy sounds tickle the brain to prompt a smile.

Laughter is indeed infectious, according to a new study. Researchers have shown that the mere sound of giggles tickles the same area of the listener's brain that is activated when smiling. The brain's response helps to prepare the facial muscles for a good hearty laugh.

Read the story here.

Rare reptile fossil found in Antarctica

Researchers battle inclement weather to excavate juvenile plesiosaur remains.

James Martin and the other eight members of his expedition to Antarctica are no strangers to hardship. They have camped out in freezing temperatures, endured week-long wind storms, and hiked across frozen terrain carrying heavy equipment.

Read the story here.

What happens when two nations battle with nukes?

A regional nuclear war would have long-lasting effects on the planet.

More than 20 years ago, it was theorized that "a nuclear winter" would occur in the event of a superpower war using nuclear weapons. Now new computers, better climate-modeling techniques, and comparisons to natural disasters such as volcanic eruptions, shows that even a regional conflict would throw the planet into turmoil.

Read the story here.

Shallow fuels bring bad news

Buried deposits of greenhouse gases may be more unstable than thought.

Geologists have discovered underwater deposits of hydrates — icy deposits of frozen methane gas — at far shallower depths under the ocean floor than expected. The finding suggests that, in a globally warmed world, the hydrates could melt suddenly and release their gas into the atmosphere, thus warming the planet even more.

Read the story here.

AGU: hurricane forecasting

Hurricane researchers have a new idea: Get the oil industry to help pay for research into better forecasting the approach and impact of hurricanes.

After the devastating 2005 hurricane season, scientists scrambled for new ways to better improve hurricane science - in particular, forecasts of hurricane intensity, which lag far behind forecasts of hurricane trajectories. Greg Holland, of the National Center for Atmospheric Research, described the result today: the Hurricane Intensity Forecast Improvements and Impact Projections, or HiFi.

It's a research push estimated to cost $250 million over ten years. Project leaders plan to hit up oil industry, who maintain their own hurricane information in a patchwork fashion - wind meters on their offshore oil platforms, and the like - but who have yet to share that information with the rest of the community.

It's a good idea. One can only hope the money is forthcoming, and a decade from now we will never see the likes of Katrina again.

ASCB: Evolution: The gloves come off

Today, scientists were told that an epic battle is raging - and they must don their armor, head for the trenches and join the fight.

The battleground: America’s schools, churches and airwaves. Yes folks, we’re talking about the fight over evolution. And if you thought yesterday’s news on evolution wasn’t pretty, this is a lot uglier.

Two people who argued for evolution last year in the famous Dover trial on intelligent design told scientists who they’re up against – and how to fight evolution’s foes. (If you want to learn more about evolution, intelligent design and the Dover trial, read more here; those of you in Europe who think you don’t have to worry about this fight, read about why you’re wrong here).

Barbara Forrest, a historian and political scientist from Southeastern Louisiana University, talked about the links between the intelligent design movement and the extreme Christian right - i.e., people who want to resurrect Biblical practices like stoning. Forrest is also famous for having traced the origins of intelligent design back to creationism; she showed how ID is really just creationism repackaged under a different guise.

Kenneth Miller, a cell biologist at Brown University, then gave a packed hall of hundreds of scientists some practical advice about how to talk to regular people – i.e. non-scientists – about evolution and intelligent design. Miller’s advice is the best I have ever heard about how to speak with people who don’t believe in evolution. The most important thing he said was that scientists must engage the public – not lecture, dismiss, or condescend to the unwashed non-scientific masses.

From my day-to-day conversations with scientists, I know that many of them find the intelligent design movement frustrating, annoying and confusing. That’s probably why I often hear scientists make dismissive, derisive comments about people who have the audacity to believe in intelligent design, as if they are all ignorant boobs undeserving of more than a haughty sneer.

Sadly, that’s how we got into the mess we’re in today, with skirmishes over ID raging in almost every state. Too many people who know the evidence spent too much time ignoring the other side – or laughing openly at the presumed idiocy of ID’s believers. What scientists don’t understand is that lots of people who believe in ID have never sat down and had an honest, friendly conversation with someone who can lay out the case for evolution respectfully and clearly. Why? Because most scientists can’t be bothered to do anything beyond grouse about red-state boors from the safe confines of the faculty club.

Miller urged scientists to leave campus and go to churches, school board meetings and other public venues to talk about the evidence for evolution – and against intelligent design. He and Forrest coached scientists to keep a positive, friendly attitude at all times – or risk fulfilling the arrogant egghead stereotype that only fuels public distrust of science. For help on how to do this, scientists can turn to invaluable resources like the National Center for Science Education.

Why should busy professors waste their time with such activities? Miller’s message was clear – and kind of scary: “The one thing none of us can afford to say is: ‘I’m a cell biologist, I’ll let the evolutionary biologists handle this.' The reality is that an attack on one science is an attack on the integrity of science itself. Their goal is to undermine scientific rationalism – and we should all be concerned about that.”

AGU: The hockey stick, redux

First up on my slate this morning was a session on paleoclimate temperature reconstructions for the past millennium. This, of course, involves the famous 'hockey stick' reconstruction showing that temperatures in the 20th century were unequalled in the past 1,000 years. That, of course, is according to paleoclimatologist Michael Mann, his coauthors, and a National Academy of Sciences study that broadly reaffirmed their findings earlier this year.

It's always fun to be in the same room with Mann and his chief antagonist, Steve McIntyre.