Bird flu: more drugs please - May 15, 2008
A study in this week’s Nature shows that the H5N1 strain of bird flu seems to be developing drug resistance [wrong link fixed]. This, say the authors, means stockpiles designed to be used in a pandemic need to be made up of more than one drug.
Researchers led by Steve Gamblin, of the National Institute for Medical Research in London, used X-ray crystallography to determine the structure of mutants of H5N1. They found that the drug oseltamivir (Tamiflu) was not very useful against them, but zanamivir (Relenza) was still good. (Needless to say, Relenza’s producer Glaxo is pretty happy.)
“In order not to be outflanked by the virus, it will be necessary to have stocks of both existing drugs,” says Gamblin (BBC). “There is a huge imperative to develop further drugs and it is likely a future pandemic will need to be tackled using a three or four-pronged approach, much as we tackle HIV today.”
This may be bad news for countries like Australia, which has stockpiled 6.9 million courses of Tamiflu compared with just 1.8 million courses of Relenza.
“Well it certainly emphasises greatly that relying on a single drug is somewhat foolhardy when there is more than one drug available, and certainly when these drugs are complementary in terms of one being effective against the viruses that are resistant to another drug,” Alan Hay, another author on the paper, told ABC’s AM radio programme (transcript).
According to Reuters Tamiflu had sales of $1.8 billion in 2007 versus Relenza’s $510 million.
Other bird flu news
Indonesia will share genetic information on the virus in its country, “18 months after strategic adviser Peter Bogner and 77 influential scientists and health experts wrote a letter to Nature magazine calling for information about bird flu to be shared more quickly and openly” (AP).South Korea is building a plant to mass produce a vaccine in the event of a pandemic (Xinhua).
All poultry in Seoul have been killed after an outbreak of bird flu (AP).
The Chosun Ilbo asks “Has Bird Flu Made a Permanent Home in Korea?”
Image: electron micrograph of H5N1 (brown) grown in MDCK cells (green) / CDC/ Courtesy of Cynthia Goldsmith, Jacqueline Katz, and Sherif R. Zaki
Comments
We all must be happy, as Glaxo producers, and very delighted with learning that the war against aviarian flu, surely one of the most severe epidaemics of our time, is recognized by NHS a paramount danger. As a matter of facts, more drugs may bring about larger amount of results, i.e.,an epochal reduction of deaths due to such as disease, all around the words. Let's hope that in next future somebody will discover a new way in reducing diabetes morbidity and mortality, as well as cancer deaths.
Posted by: Sergio Stagnaro MD | May 15, 2008 09:17 PM
The article linked in the story links to the crystal structure of squid rhodopsin and not to any H5N1 drug resistance article.
[Link fixed, apologies for the error – Ed.]
Posted by: Kate Wall | May 15, 2008 11:01 PM
Spread of avian flu by drinking water:
Proved awareness to ecology and transmission is necessary to understand the spread of avian flu. For this it is insufficient exclusive to test samples from wild birds, poultry and humans for avian flu viruses. Samples from the known abiotic vehicles also have to be analysed. There are plain links between the cold, rainy seasons as well as floods and the spread of avian flu. That is just why abiotic vehicles have to be analysed. The direct biotic transmission from birds, poultry or humans to humans can not depend on the cold, rainy seasons or floods. Water is a very efficient abiotic vehicle for the spread of viruses - in particular of fecal as well as by mouth, nose and eyes excreted viruses.
Infected birds and poultry can everywhere contaminate the drinking water. All humans have very intensive contact to drinking water. Spread of avian flu by drinking water can explain small clusters in households too. Proving viruses in water is difficult because of dilution. If you find no viruses you can not be sure that there are not any. On the other hand in water viruses remain viable for a long time. Water has to be tested for influenza viruses by cell culture and in particular by the more sensitive molecular biology method PCR.
There is a widespread link between avian flu and water, e.g. in Egypt to the Nile delta or Indonesia to residential districts of less prosperous humans with backyard flocks and without central water supply as in Vietnam: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol12no12/06-0829.htm. See also the WHO web side: http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/emerging/h5n1background.pdf .
[edited for length]
Posted by: Dipl.-Ing. Wilfried Soddemann | May 18, 2008 10:33 AM
HOW DO YOU DO... BIRD FLU
Symptoms
With all the chicken shops in your local area, pretty much everyone could have the flu. Arghhhhhh! Oh god, your mum loves chicken nuggets and you always buy that gauntly thin value chicken from the supermarket that looks like it’s been sick. Nooooooo! And last night you had a very runny nose.
Just so you’re not hastily arranging a lefty mob meeting. Human symptoms of H5N1 are; a fever, coughing, really sore throat, and achy muscles, the WHO not the who; the World Health Organisation said bird flu has “influenza like symptoms.” Oh yeah like you know what influenza even looks like? Might as well say bird flu symptoms are like contracting the plague, in super glue, riding dodo roller skates.
You could also get really awful stuff happen like; eye infections, pneumonia, acute respiratory distress, and “other severe and life-threatening complications.” I think the last point translates to a gang of people intent on burning you alive before you give them a “contagious killer disease.”
...more at lifestyleguides.blogspot.com
Posted by: jollyroger | June 2, 2008 09:56 AM