Climate change technology for the future

Since my recent visit to Lord Stern’s talk at LSE, I’ve been thinking about what all this climate change malarkey might mean for us Londoners. Given that cities are responsible for approximately three-quarters of the world’s energy consumption, they obviously play a major role in climate change.

I’ll admit that I try to do my best where energy efficiency is concerned, but I can’t help feeling that my worrying about whether I’ve left my TV on standby is more than offset by the office block opposite me that insists on leaving its lights on all night. Now this may be a pessimistic attitude, but it appears I’m not alone; there have long been plans in the pipeline for when all the promises and conventions based on Kyoto (and soon Copenhagen) fail, and global catastrophe looms within decades.

You may have read about the proposal to put a 600,000 square mile “mirror” between the Earth and sun, an idea which senior scientist Lowell Wood has been working on for more than a decade. There was also an initial experiment in 2002, which involved dumping 6000 pounds of iron powder into the Southern Ocean to trigger the growth of blooms of CO2-consuming plankton; a method of increasing photosynthetic material which may prove useful at a later date. These last-ditch contingency plans may seem far-fetched but the reality is that many top scientists are having to come up with more and more “Duct Tape” methods to protect the Earth. Still, even with its massive size, viewed from London the mirror would look like a small black dot on the surface of the sun, and as far as I’m aware, the Thames does not contain enough valuable nutrients to warrant covering it in iron filings.

One technology which may become more applicable to London, especially if global warming continues to the extent that some scientists have predicted, is solar power. To all those who complain about the eyesore of wind turbines, consider the residents of Seville.

Picture courtesy of Wikipedia

15km to the west of the city lies the Abengoa Solar Power Tower. This power station is the first of its kind; a field of Heliostat mirrors focus sunlight onto the receiver, a graphite block the size of a shipping container, which then converts the solar energy into thermal energy. A solar power station of this size is not currently a feasible technology for London, but proposals for a structure of this magnitude would surely anger local residents more than an offshore wind farm.

The technologies currently being considered for London seem a little simpler. At Imperial College, the Energy Futures Lab is investigating the integration of urban energy systems, in order to reduce the costs, energy and environmental impacts of cities. Current projects involve modelling the benefits of heating homes with the heat from waste water, or arranging business and residential areas to reduce the impact of commuters.

One key location where these ideas are being put into action is the new Olympic site, which will be converted into a neighbourhood for 4,000 families post-2012. Here, developers really have the opportunity to plan for the future, and make an area as environmentally-friendly as possible. Housing will be highly-efficient and powered partly by a wind turbine and biomass plant, and many shops and services will be within walking distance of residential areas. Some planning firms argue that this thinking on a whole-city scale is what’s needed if we are to make cities such as London at all energy efficient.

As for me, I’ll keep doing my washing at 30°C, and putting an extra jumper on when I get cold, but I think that until big changes start to be made, I’ll probably still feel like I’m fighting a losing battle. I just hope that we don’t have to resort to iron filings in the sea, or giant mirrors in the atmosphere.

Interior Traces: The Past, Present and Future of Neuroscience

Last night the Dana Centre hosted the first night of Interior Traces, an ambitious series of events looking at how neuroscience can affect every aspect of our lives. By using drama, panel discussion and audience debate, the aim is to examine the past, present and future implications of this work.

The drama pieces were set in 2030, not all that far from now you might think. First we joined Catie, a middle-aged woman who had undertaken a routine genetic screening test when she was in her early 20s. This had revealed a predisposition for developing brain tumours, but later in life, missing a single screening appointment had a domino effect on everything from her health insurance and job to the demise of her relationships. Nothing she did seemed to be able to change the impending course of events, leading her to question whether certain paths are laid out for good, or could genetic screening allow us to alter the course of our lives?

Mike meanwhile, committed a crime as a child and has since been labelled a psychopath. A life-long course of drugs and behavioural therapies awaits him as brain scans reveal he is predisposed to antisocial behaviour. It was this idea that aroused the panel the most, with Dr Christine Hauskeller taking issue with the idea that in the future, people may be held accountable for their “wrong being rather than wrong doing”, or their predispositions rather than their actions. And where do you draw the line between pathological and diverse?

However, Jeffrey Rosen, a Professor of Law at George Washing University argued that people have been using the claim “my brain made me do it” in court cases since 1990. It appears that the legal system needs to rapidly catch up with scientific technology, given that these events set in the ‘future’ could possibly happen in some form today.

These dramas raised some rather scary points. Should genetic screening become compulsory it appears that it could control every aspect of our lives. Detection of a predisposition to illness would cause our health insurance to rise, subconscious thoughts in an MRI scanner could be held against you in a court of law, and we may start to think that a genetic clean bill of health is actually the most important thing in a potential partner. But Judy Illes, Professor of Neurology at the University of British Columbia urged enthusiasm for neuroscience. She argued that we are not “purely determined beings”, we all have a moral and political choice and science and society should be partners, rather than locked in an antagonistic relationship.

Interior Traces continues tonight (at the Birkbeck Cinema) and tomorrow (at the Wellcome Collection). I strongly recommend you get a ticket and join the debate yourself, but if not, it will also been shown at the Cheltenham Science Festival, and broadcast on Resonance 104.4fm on 29th May, 5th and 12th of June.