Performing research in one language and having to write manuscripts in another—nearly always English—is not an easy task, according to Sonia M.R. Vasconcelos et al. in the latest issue of EMBO Reports (9, 700-702; 2008).Yet, they write, "Publishing in high-quality international journals is part of today’s scientific zeitgeist and a challenge for researchers from developed and developing countries alike. However, competition to attract an editor’s attention and to convince reviewers might be tougher for scientists from non-English speaking (NES) countries. As various authors have pointed out, the proficiency of the English language among a country’s scientists could influence its scientific output (Man et al, 2004; Victora & Moreira, 2006; Meneghini & Packer, 2007; Vasconcelos et al, 2007). A recent econometric study, for example, stated that English proficiency is a significant factor for the performance of European science (Bauwens et al, 2007).

Some NES authors argue that they “don’t compete on a level playing field when it comes to international science” and that “language and cultural barriers may be partly to blame” (Anon, 2002). However, it is not clear how much linguistic competence affects the visibility of research in NES countries. In particular, it is difficult to assess the link between a researcher’s writing competence and established indicators of research output such as the number of publications and citations. Most countries do not maintain databases with comprehensive information about a researcher’s academic profile and publication record, or they do not make this information publicly accessible."

Brazil, however, is an exception, and the EMBO Reports article presents some of the available statistics about communication skills from that country. One of the authors’ conclusions is that governments and their research councils should invest more in training researchers to be fully competent in the English language.

Nature journals provide writing guidance at the author and reviewers’ website in an article that provides links to various services and resources.

See here for a discussion at Nature Network about regional and minority languages in science communication.