1411 no more: India has more than half the world’s tigers

DSC_0778Some years back, there was a lot of hue and cry over the number ‘1411’ — it was a grim reminder of the number of tigers left in India’s many wildlife sanctuaries. Everyone seemed to have got concerned over the dwindling numbers — from the National Tiger Conservation Authority to a telecom company which came up with an innovative advertisement and a leading electronic media house that vowed to ‘save our tigers’.

So, today when India’s environment and forests minister Prakash Javdekar released the much-awaited 2014-15 tiger estimation report suggesting a neat 30 per cent increase in the number of tigers in India ( from 1,411 in 2006, to 1,706 in 2010 and 2,226 in 2014), conservationists and wildlife experts were jubilant.

In no time, congratulatory Facebook messages started pouring  in, hailing the better management of India’s Tiger Reserves and protected areas over the last decade.

1411 seems to have been buried for good. According to the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF-India), this time the estimation methodology was also more rigorous and expanded into areas outside the Tiger Reserves.

The estimation was jointly done by the National Tiger Conservation Authority, state forest departments, the Wildlife Institute of India and conservation organisations including WWF-India, CWS, ATREE, Aaranyak, WRCS and WCT. It covered 18 states and more than 300,000 sq km. A total of 1,540 individual tigers were identified through images collected from 9,735 camera trap locations across India’s tiger landscapes.

Tiger population has reportedly increased in several states like Karnataka, Uttarakhand, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Kerel. “Because of the extensive survey effort and camera trap results, which identified nearly 70% of the estimated tiger number; these figures are most accurate ever”, the sources said.

Status of Tigers in India, 2014 report, published by the National Tiger Conservation Authority also highlights that the future of tigers in India depends on maintaining inviolate core habitats for breeding tiger populations, habitat connectivity and protection from poaching of tigers and their prey. Secretary General & CEO of WWF-India Ravi Singh says the results confirm that more than half of the world’s tigers are now in India.

Big cat blues

Large banners featuring tigers and leopards have come up in and around India’s national capital region of New Delhi. The banners, featuring Asia’s big cats —  tigers, leopards, snow leopards and clouded leopards  — threatened by illegal poaching, are part of an eye-catching campaign by the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF). The black and white pictures have a direct-hitting subtext “Wanted Alive” emphasising the need to keep these felines healthy and happy in their natural habitat. Reproduced here, with permission from WWF, are the pictures that tell their own story.

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The threat on Asia’s big cat was highlighted at the recently concluded Global Tiger Recovery Programme Stocktaking meeting in New Delhi from 15-17 May, 2012. The meeting was attended by senior government officials from all 13 tiger range countries.

The meet also discussed how, besides existing markets, emerging ones such as  Myanmar, were compounding the threat on these animals killed for their body parts. The body parts are smuggled through porous borders to clandestine international markets.

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According to TRAFFIC, the WWF-IUCN wildlife trade monitoring network ,  the snow leopard from the Himalayan mountains and the little known clouded leopard from the dense jungles of north-eastern India are hunted for their beautiful coat. The beautiful clouded leopard’s bones are smuggled for medicines, its meat for exotic dishes and the live animal itself for pet trade. Its canines and claws are also used for decorative purposes.

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The tiger, of course,  remains the largest cat species in the world threatened by illegal trade in its bones
and skin. The bones are valued in traditional East Asian medicines, and the skin is used by the wealthy to decorate houses, tents or clothes. TRAFFIC estimates that body parts of nearly 500 tigers have been recovered from illegal traders in India during 2000-2011. Many more tigers may have been killed and smuggled out, undetected.

Leopards are also being poached in large numbers in India for their skin and body parts.

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The campaign comes after a similar innovative one on wildlife in September 2010 when India was gearing up to host the Commonwealth games.  In that campaign, TRAFFIC warned tourists of the dire consequences of buying illegal wildlife souvenirs from India.

Here’s wishing this new campaign makes people sit up and take note.