{"id":5583,"date":"2014-03-03T18:35:43","date_gmt":"2014-03-03T23:35:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.nature.com\/spoonful\/?p=5583"},"modified":"2014-04-01T10:41:15","modified_gmt":"2014-04-01T14:41:15","slug":"head-injury-documentary-points-to-global-concussion-crisis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.nature.com\/spoonful\/2014\/03\/head-injury-documentary-points-to-global-concussion-crisis.html","title":{"rendered":"Head injury documentary points to global concussion crisis"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"headgames_global_<\/a>Although it wasn’t a contender for last night’s Academy Awards, there\u2019s a powerful new film out this week that you may want to see. It\u2019s the sports documentary, Head Games: The Global Concussion Crisis<\/i><\/a>, and it provides a human face to the seemingly endless stream of high-profile reports linking repetitive head trauma to degenerative brain disease.<\/p>\n

Early in the film, we meet Christopher Nowinski, who confesses that he once \u201cloved the violence\u201d of football. \u201cIt\u2019s the closest thing to being a warrior without actually having to go to war,\u201d says Nowinski, a\u00a0former Harvard football defensive lineman turned pro-wrestler. But not long after that, we see him lying on a cold concrete floor, clutching his head after what would turn out to be a career-ending concussion he sustained during a wrestling match in 2003.<\/p>\n

As Nowinski continued to experience headaches, memory problems and sleepwalking for the next year, he decided to see Boston University School of Medicine concussion expert Robert Cantu<\/a>, who asked Nowinski how often he saw stars or felt woozy after being hit in the wrestling ring or on the football field. \u201cAll the time,\u201d Nowinski recalls sheepishly, dumbfounded that he had likely been experiencing regular concussions but had never before given much thought to the potential long-term consequences of such injuries.<\/p>\n

That experience led Nowinski on a crusade to better understand his condition, and in 2006 he published the book, \u201cHead Games: Football\u2019s Concussion Crisis<\/a>,\u201d which inspired\u00a0the documentary from director Steve James<\/a> (who also gave us <\/b>the 1994 Oscar-nominated documentary, Hoop Dreams<\/i>). But whereas Nowinski\u2019s book largely focused on the brain hazards associated with professional and amateur football, the new film makes painfully clear that all athletes who engage in contact sports\u2014be it hockey, rugby, soccer or any of a variety of games\u2014are potentially at risk.<\/p>\n

Demonstrating the damage<\/b><\/p>\n

Through interviews with physicians, the film lays out the current understanding of sports-related brain injury. For example, University of Pennsylvania neurosurgeon Doug Smith<\/a> alternately <\/b>stretches and snaps <\/b>a piece of pink putty to illustrate the mechanics of concussion-induced brain damage at the neuronal level. Ann McKee<\/a>, a neuroscientist at Boston University School of Medicine, uses a series of stained brain tissue slices from former NFL players to show the abnormal accumulation of certain proteins and neuronal loss associated with chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), a progressive degenerative disease first observed in the brains of boxers.<\/p>\n

The film also features disturbing interviews with athletes, many of whom casually shrug off the risks, and a few others who share their struggles. These individuals include a retired NFL player who cannot remember the order of the months of the year, an Australian football player who fails to remember the location of his honeymoon and a former female soccer star who frequently used her head to score goals and now uses a GPS device even when driving in her own neighborhood because she has difficulties remembering locations.<\/p>\n

By the end, the film borders on feeling almost as repetitive as the injuries the filmmakers seek to raise awareness about. Although it firmly establishes that the head trauma sustained during sport are a global concern that athletes\u2014and the general public\u2014need to take seriously, it offers little in the form of answers to important questions, such as how best to detect and prevent concussion, whether parents should let their children participate in contact sports and how many concussions might be too many. But that\u2019s in part because, as the film points out, the scientific and clinical understanding of sports-related head trauma and CTE lags woefully behind public interest. So it looks like the ball is now in science\u2019s court to provide some answers to these and other lingering questions.<\/p>\n

Head Games<\/i> will be available for digital rental by the end of this week through the website headgamesthefilm.com<\/a>. You can watch the trailer below.<\/p>\n