Making your mark on the journal cover

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The Editorial in the March issue of Nature Chemistry (2, 147; 2010) provides some advice for authors keen to feature on the cover of a Nature journal. From the Editorial:

Journal covers provide a convenient focal point for the content that lies inside them and are often used in marketing campaigns — whether in simple adverts, or as posters and calendars. It is not only the publisher that benefits, however, and it is quite common to see journal covers feature prominently on slides during talks or on the walls of offices and corridors in academic institutions. They are a source of pride and may also offer increased exposure to a group of researchers and their work.

Although the era of print might be drawing to a close, the idea of collating articles into manageable portions — whether linked in time or by subject area — is one that may persist for some time. And for as long as it does, there will be a case for grouping such collections together under a banner of some sort; one that will undoubtedly draw on artwork associated with its content. Paper journals may disappear, but the concept of a cover may not.

At Nature Chemistry, the cover image of a particular issue is generally one of the last few items to be finalized before we go to press. Once we have decided on which articles will go into an issue, we take a closer look at the suggestions sent to us by their authors. Although we do applaud the optimism and/or confidence of those who submit cover art at the time of initial submission of a manuscript, we generally encourage authors to supply us with cover suggestions once we know that their paper will be accepted for publication.

Beauty is, of course, in the eye of the beholder, and what may look like a stunning piece of creative artistry to one individual, might not make others feel the same way. What counts at Nature Chemistry is that you impress the editorial and production teams, who all get to have their say — and, in particular, the art editor. It’s often best to keep things simple and we encourage those in a position to submit cover art suggestions to look at the sort of images that we’ve featured in the past. Throwing together composite images with lots of different objects styled in different ways on a somewhat arbitrary background just doesn’t do it for us. Send us striking images, with no Nature Chemistry logo and no cover lines.

Once the cover image is decided, the final step of the process involves the editorial team thinking up some occasionally witty, but always informative, cover lines that will hopefully grab the readers’ attention. Occasionally the lines are obvious, others come in a flash of inspiration, and some are a challenge that turns into a lengthy chore that frustrates for hours or days. As with the artwork itself, some turn out to be better than others. Finally, a brief description of the cover art is written by the editor handling the paper that triumphed in the battle to be on the cover, and this finds its way on to the table of contents.

Finally, we’d just like to note that we do not charge for cover images, and nor do we ask for a contribution towards the cost of the cover. Images are chosen for their aesthetic appeal and not on whether an author can afford to pay — after all, we need to put something on the outside cover of the journal! Similarly, the choice to feature a particular article on the cover of the journal does not imply that we think it is better than the other papers in the issue — we believe everything we publish to be outstanding! It really does come down to what we judge to be the most striking image.

Nature Chemistry journal website.

Nature Chemistry guide to authors.

How Nature selects papers for publication

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This is a shortened version of an editorial in Nature ( 463, 850; 2010 ; free to read online).

One myth that never seems to die is that Nature‘s editors seek to inflate the journal’s impact factor by sifting through submitted papers (some 16,000 last year) in search of those that promise a high citation rate. We don’t. Not only is it difficult to predict what a paper’s citation performance will be, but citations are an unreliable measure of importance. Take two papers in synthetic organic chemistry, both published in June 2006. One, ‘Control of four stereocentres in a triple cascade organocatalytic reaction’ (D. Enders et al. Nature 441, 861–863; 2006), had acquired 182 citations by late 2009, and was the fourth most cited chemistry paper that we published that year. Another, ‘Synthesis and structural analysis of 2-quinuclidonium tetrafluoroborate’ (K. Tani and B. M. Stoltz Nature 441, 731–734; 2006), had acquired 13 citations over the same period. Yet the latter paper was highlighted as an outstanding achievement in Chemical and Engineering News, the magazine of the American Chemical Society.

Indeed, the papers we publish with citations in the tens greatly outnumber those in the 100s, although it is the latter that dominate our impact factor. We are proud of our full spectrum.

Another long-standing myth is that we allow one negative referee to determine the rejection of a paper. On the contrary, there were several occasions last year when all the referees were underwhelmed by a paper, yet we published it on the basis of our own estimation of its worth. That internal assessment has always been central to our role; Nature has never had an editorial board. Our editors spend several weeks a year in scientific meetings and labs, and are constantly reading the literature. Papers selected for review are seen by two or more referees. The number of referees is greater for multidisciplinary papers. We act on any technical concerns and we value the referees’ opinions about a paper’s potential significance or lack thereof. But we make the final call on the basis of criteria such as the paper’s depth of mechanistic insight, or its value as a data resource or in enabling applications of an innovative technique.

At the same time, we operate on the strict principle that our decisions are not influenced by the identity or location of any author. Almost all our papers have multiple authors, often from several countries. And we commonly reject papers whose authors happen to include distinguished or ‘hot’ scientists.

Yet another myth is that we rely on a small number of privileged referees in any given discipline. In fact, we used nearly 5,400 referees last year, and are constantly recruiting more — especially younger researchers with hands-on expertise in newer techniques. We use referees from around the scientifically developed world, whether or not they have published papers with us, and avoid those with a track record of slow response. And in highly competitive areas, we will usually follow authors’ requests and our own judgement in avoiding referees with known conflicts of interest.

Myths about journals will continue to proliferate. We can only attempt to ensure that the processes characterized above remain as robust and objective as possible, in our perpetual quest to deliver to our readers the best science that we can muster.

Nature paper a candidate for the Lancet’s “paper of the year” 2009

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A Nature paper is on the shortlist for The Lancet‘s 2009 Paper of the Year award, which was announced on Friday 22 January 2010. The journal invites people to “read the eight shortlisted papers and vote for the one you feel will most shape clinical research or practice”. From the Lancet’s introduction: The candidate papers cover a broad range of science from genomics to surgery to public health, and will inform research, clinical practice, and health policy. These strong contenders address common questions, such as predicting cardiac mortality; and common problems, such as the burdens of alcohol and obesity on mortality. The papers also provide information that can be applied immediately to inform care for HIV in resource-poor settings, or to improve the safety of surgery in any setting.

The Nature paper that is on the shortlist is: Complex landscapes of somatic rearrangement in human breast cancer genomes, by P. J. Stephens et al., Nature 462, 1005—1012 (2009). You can vote here for your preferred paper from the shortlist.

Latest Nature videos up at YouTube

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The Nature Video editors have been busy this year, posting some beautiful movies at YouTube. Here’s a brief description of a few of them.

Eight billion years of dwarf galaxy evolution, accompanied by Strauss. This beautiful animation shows how exploding stars are a key force in shaping dwarf galaxies. Fabio Governato and colleagues present computer simulations that appear to have solved a longstanding problem in cosmology — namely, how the standard cold dark matter model of galaxy formation can give rise to the dwarf galaxies we see around us. From: Bulgeless dwarf galaxies and dark matter cores from supernova-driven outflows by F. Governato et al. Nature 463, 203-206 (2010).

Bacteria Make Mexican Waves. By synchronizing our clocks, we can coordinate our activities with people around the world. Now, scientists have engineered bacteria to synchronize their molecular timekeepers, creating the stunning fluorescent waves you see in this video. Hear more about synthetic biology on the Nature Podcast . From: Synchronized quorum of genetic clocks, by Tal Danino, Octavio Mondragón-Palomino, Lev Tsimring & Jeff Hasty Nature 463, 326-330 (2010).

The most vulnerable brains. Nature reporter Erika Check Hayden visits a San Francisco hospital where doctors are using new treatments to help infants at risk of brain injury. Read the full report at Nature 463, 154-156 (2010).

Robot roach extracts order from chaos. Scientists have created a robot that can move around just like an insect, powered by a simple circuit capable of generating many complex behaviours. The circuit employs chaos theory the idea that systems are very sensitive to small changes, which can quickly become magnified. The robot, called AMOS, can use its simple circuit to respond to light and sound, pull its foot out of a hole, or run away from obstacles thrown in its path. From: Self-organized adaptation of a simple neural circuit enables complex robot behaviour by Silke Steingrube, Marc Timme, Florentin Wörgötter & Poramate Manoonpong (Nature Physics Advance Online Publication, 17 January 2010). See also a related Nature News story.

Nature video channel at YouTube.

Nature’ s online video streaming archive.

Nature Medicine expands its horizons

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Molecular medicine has undergone profound changes since the publication of the first issue of Nature Medicine 15 years ago this month (January). To keep up with these changes, the journal is strengthening its commitment to publishing the best research and the most topical news and commentary on translational medicine by adding more pages to the journal. The details are provided in the journal’s first Editorial of the year (Nature Medicine 16, 1; 2010)

Nature Medicine‘s inaugural editorial (1, 1; 1995), stated that the journal would be “home to papers that bridge the gap between cutting edge biological research and more clinically oriented human investigation.” In current parlance, Nature Medicine was to be the home of translational research.

Fifteen years later, the journal’s mission remains the same. What has changed is the landscape in which biomedical research is conducted. Funding organizations worldwide now pay a premium for ‘translational projects’—research that, broadly speaking, aims to satisfy an unmet medical need. As a result, the journal’s niche has expanded, serving a bigger community – and translational research is more visible than ever.

Among the changes that have occurred in the past 15 years are the nature of the drug discovery process, the way in which translational research is conducted, and the advent of the Internet. These and other changes in the translational research landscape have directly affected what Nature Medicine considers for publication. The larger size of the translational community has increased the number of submissions; systems biology approaches to biomedicine have resulted in more studies on disease biomarkers; and there is a plethora of submitted studies that claim to have identified a molecule that is “critically important” for essentially any disease you can think of, making it harder than ever to identify those that report a true disease target that will eventually result in the discovery of a new therapy.

Nature Medicine is renewing its commitment to offering readers the best studies that “bridge the gap between cutting edge biological research and more clinically oriented human investigation” and to being a trusted source of information on every facet of the biomedical world. This year, therefore, Nature Medicine is growing. News coverage in print and online is increasing, there will be more podcasts, and the journal now has a presence at Twitter and Facebook. The number and scope of News and Views, Commentaries and Reviews will be increased, and new sections of the journal will be introduced. An additional editor for research manuscripts will help to cope with the ever-growing submissions load, enabling us to provide authors with decisions as quickly and as fairly as possible.

Nature Medicine journal website.

Spoonful of Medicine, the Nature Medicine editors’ blog.

Nature Medicine guide to authors.

RNA silencing: first in NSMB series of web features

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During 2010, Nature Structural & Molecular Biology is publishing a series of quarterly web features devoted to diverse areas within the journal’s scope. The first of these is on RNA silencing. Since initial observations indicating that small RNAs can mediate this process, silencing has come to be recognized as a key means of gene regulation, participating in a variety of processes across species. Still, research into small RNA-mediated regulation and the scope of this regulation, as well as its role in disease, continues to yield new insights and surprises. The NSMB Web Focus on RNA silencing comprises a core collection encompassing a specially commissioned Perspective; recently published Research Articles covering a range of current topics in the field; and a library that brings together additional recent advances in the field published at NSMB and other Nature journals.

Nature Structural & Molecular Biology journal website.

NSMB focuses and supplements.

Nature Publishing Group’s RNAi gateway.

Nature’s microRNA collection.

Method of the year, 2009

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Nature MethodsMethod of the Year 2009 goes to induced pluripotency for its potential for biological discovery. A series of articles in the January issue of the journal — and a related video — showcase how induced pluripotency is coming into its own as a tool for discovery in both basic and disease biology, and explore the incredible impact this area promises to have in biological research. Also in this special feature is Methods to Watch, providing a glimpse of future Methods of the Year; and Reader’s Choice, noting methods nominated by readers and editors, and the votes that they received.

Streaming video of Method of the Year 2009. See how iPS cells were developed, and how they are now being used as tools in biological research. (The video is available at the Nature Methods website and at YouTube.)

Nature Methods journal website.

Methagora, the Nature Methods editors’ blog.

Nature Chemical Biology’s new look for 2010

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From this month (January 2010), Nature Chemical Biology (6, 1; 2010) has a new look, with more online features to facilitate the communication of chemical biology discoveries.

Over the past few months, Nature Chemical Biology has rolled out two new chemical information resources, both developed in partnership with Nature Chemistry. First, the chemical compound pages have been expanded significantly (example here), providing readers with a rich resource for each compound including names, molecular properties, and chemical identifiers (such as InChI and InChIKey identifiers). Second, the html (online full-text) versions of Nature Chemical Biology papers now contain a highlighting tool that allows users to quickly identify additional chemical compounds in the paper and rapidly link to more information on these materials (example here). The compound pages and the annotations and their corresponding links are curated by the journal’s technical editors. Taken together, these two enhancements more completely integrate chemical information within each Nature Chemical Biology paper.

Several other changes are underway to enhance the experience of reading Nature Chemical Biology. Beginning with the January 2010 issue, the print versions and the electronic pdfs of the papers have a new look based on the designs of the Nature journals in the physical sciences. The new template integrates ‘subject’ terms, which will enhance searching and archiving of published content. In the coming months, readers of Nature Chemical Biology (and the other Nature journals) will see major improvements in the html versions of online articles: article layouts and navigation are being streamlined to give articles a new look and feel, and a variety of new tools will be introduced to enhance the reader interface and improve retrieval of other information relevant to the paper. Major changes supporting the journal web site are also in store, including enhancements to search functionality and subject archives.

Though the primary aim of Nature Chemical Biology remains to publish the best research and insights in chemical biology, the editors look forward to using new electronic publishing and social networking tools to enhance interactions in the chemical biology community. To receive journal news regarding latest research papers, policy updates and other information, follow @nchembio at Twitter. The editors are seeking feedback from authors and readers on how best to make use of these new technologies, either electronically or the old-fashioned way—through interactions in person at conferences and meetings throughout 2010 and beyond.

Nature reprint collection: immuno-epigentics

Epigenetic mechanisms are increasingly appreciated to have an important role in immune cell functional diversity and adaptability, and understanding these mechanisms holds considerable potential for revealing new opportunities to therapeutically modulate the immune response in a range of diseases.

This Nature Reprint Collection provides a compilation of some of the research papers that have contributed to the advances in the field of immune cell epigenetics, as well as reviews discussing aspects of this new and exciting field. The collection brings together articles from Nature, Nature Immunology, Nature Reviews Immunology and Nature Reviews Drug Discovery that have contributed to advances and discussions in the field of immune cell epigenetics.

The articles in this collection are freely available online until 30 April 2010.

More Nature Collections.

Nature Immunology supplements and focuses.

See also: Epigenetic Dynamics in the Immune System, a conference organized by Nature Immunology and Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, 19 February 2010 in San Antonio, Texas.

NPG’s annual letter to customers (2009)

Nature Publishing Group’s managing director, Stephen Inchcoombe, has just written his annual letter to the company’s customers. NPG’s customers are varied: as well as authors and peer-reviewers, they include readers, subscribers, librarians, institutions, advertisers, suppliers, partners, sponsors, and more. The annual letter is, necessarily, broad, so I’ll highlight here a few points of particular interest to authors:

-A new XML repository for nature.com and other infrastructure improvements are the foundations for NPG to deliver a new wave of applications in the coming year

—In April 2010 we will introduce Nature Communications, an online-only peer-reviewed journal offering rapid publication for high-quality research across the biological, chemical and physical sciences, with a mixed publishing model

Nature Chemistry, launched in April 2009, showcases the kind of innovative publishing functionality we want to provide. Highlighting chemical compounds in articles, redrawing chemical structures to be machine-readable and enhanced chemical compound reference pages created by journal editors, all further the journal article’s role as an integral part of the reader’s workflow. These advances will be applied to Nature Chemical Biology, Nature and other NPG journals in the near future

NPG now publishes 16 of the top 50 (32%) journals by Impact Factor, twice as many as any other scientific publisher

—Expanded content in Nature Medicine from January and significant improvements to Nature later in the year, with no commensurate price increases

—Closer integration of nature.com and Nature Network, our social network for scientists. Comments on online journal articles will become part of the commenter’s Nature Network profile, acknowledging that contributions to the scientific record stretch far beyond the journal article itself

Scientific American became part of NPG in 2009, after many years as a sister Holtzbrinck organization. Expect to see functionality, services and interlinking between Scientific American and NPG journals and resources from next year.

The whole letter is published at NPG’s press website; we welcome your feedback and comments.

More information about Nature Publishing Group and its executive committee.