Nov-Dec ChemPod online

The last chemistry podcast of 2009 is now online. You can download it from the usual ChemPod place, or even iTunes.

It’s got a diverse mix of chemistry on offer, from Gérard Férey talking about his latest work using MOFs as nanoscale carriers to deliver drugs (from Nature Materials) to our own Katharine Sanderson discovering why GFP glows.

It also covers our recent commentary article discussing why chemists have been slow to pick on the web 2.0 type publishing models that our physics and biology colleagues have done. Or, as Derek Lowe put it, Why Don’t Chemists Communicate? (Or Do We?). As well as the authors of the commentary, those who offer opinions include Peter Murray-Rust, who works very much in this area.

Happy listening!

Neil

Neil Withers (Associate Editor, Nature Chemistry)

Reactions – Greg Scholes

Greg Scholes is in the Department of Chemistry at the University of Toronto, and works on understanding light-initiated processes in nanoscale systems.

1. What made you want to be a chemist?

I remember when my dad came to my grade two class and demonstrated how to grow copper sulfate crystals. The class were in awe… not so much of the science, but because dad is tall and he had to duck his head to get in the door! My career prospects waivered from scientist to computer programmer to synthetic chemist, then finally physical chemist.

2. If you weren’t a chemist and could do any other job, what would it be — and why?

I assume a reality check is needed, so I can’t choose NBA star! I would then have to decide between marine biologist and graphic designer.

3. What are you working on now, and where do you hope it will lead?

In some of our latest work we’ve found surprising quantum phenomena in the photosynthetic proteins of algae. In addition to elucidating this further, I’m interested in working out what factors decide the evolutionary development and diversification of photosynthetic light-harvesting proteins in these algae and their relatives.

4. Which historical figure would you most like to have dinner with – and why?

I would have dinner with Sir Donald Bradman, the greatest Australian cricket player of all time.

5. When was the last time you did an experiment in the lab — and what was it?

The last experiment I did in the lab was about 7 years ago when I synthesized CdSe nanocrystals and shelled them with ZnS under the tutelage of my postdoc at the time, Peggy Hines. I was pretty pleased with myself even though the sample was a far cry from those Peggy made routinely!

6. If exiled on a desert island, what one book and one music album would you take with you?

I can imagine lazing on the island wearing Prada shades and reading the book I’m about to start: The Crossroads by Niccolò Ammaniti. However, I think I would have to take Herman Weyl’s The Classical Groups: Their Invariants and Representations because at the rate I’m currently progressing I will need a few years on a desert island to get through it! A desert island would be a good chance to play one of the Deep Purple albums banned from my home, though I might have to take the classic Head Hunters by Herbie Hancock.

7. Which chemist would you like to see interviewed on Reactions – and why?

There are so many great choices! Paul Barbara at University of Texas, Austin would have interesting responses. He is someone I admire as a great scientist.

Materials Girl: Applications + blogging = decreased rate of labwork

Posted on behalf of Materials Girl

Fellowship applications are almost done! To quote a confident labmate, in regards to his proposed research, “If [the NSF] doesn’t accept me, they’re jerks*!” (He probably meant to say “sorely misguided”, but was carried away with the emotion.) Ah, if only the government had enough money to fund all of our worthy causes… Academic bailout, anyone?

Despite attempts to avoid the computer, I’ve recently discovered the joy/timesink of other chemistry blogs – of which there are many great ones to choose from. Another grad student stated that he’s the most interested in “crazy, blow stuff* up and post it blogs”. (My engineering coworkers periodically ask when I’m going to start causing explosions. Probably never, unfortunately, unless I defect to inorganic chemistry. However, someone else in our lab did recently get a shower in vacuum pump oil…) Personally, I think any blog is potentially interesting. Regardless of whether or not they relate to science, the topics addressed in blog posts thrive through their delivery – give or take some snark and wit.

One of my favorite posts has been this one, as I’ve always regretted the lack of fitting eyewear for my bridge-less Asian nose. On a more relevant note, another by FemaleScienceProfessor stands out. Here, she ponders the merits and drawbacks of explicitly stating her gender in applications. I have considered that question as a grad student: in the interest of Broader Impacts, should I explicitly state my status as an underrepresented female scientist/engineer? (Side note: my name only implies ethnicity, not gender.) As a proponent of individual merit above all else, I’m not a fan of playing the gender card – I generally rely on expressing my motivation to assist qualified individuals in underrepresented groups. Still, many organizations seek out the extra factor of diversity. How should we convey our membership in underrepresented groups, without detracting from personal merits [that are not based on genetics]?

*Changed by the editor to remove original, more colourful, language

Reactions – Donna Blackmond

Donna Blackmond is currently in the Department of Chemistry at Imperial College London and will join the Department of Chemistry at The Scripps Research Institute in La Jolla, California, in February 2010. She works on kinetic aspects of asymmetric catalytic reactions and on developing models for the origin of biological homochirality.

1. What made you want to be a chemist?

A confession: I am not trained as a chemist, but as a chemical engineer! My father, who was an electrical engineer, thought all of his children should be engineers. I liked chemistry, but the “chemical” in engineering was as close as I got. Nearly a decade after finishing my PhD in Chemical Engineering, I learned organic chemistry on the job, when I worked at Merck. This job was truly the defining experience of my career, being challenged by the likes of Ed Grabowski and Paul Reider.

2. If you weren’t a chemist and could do any other job, what would it be – and why?

Either a neurosurgeon or a NASA physicist. After all, what I do now isn’t really brain surgery or rocket science, is it?

3. What are you working on now, and where do you hope it will lead?

I recently had one of those “Eureka moment” ideas, which combines aspects of two of our models for the origin of biological homochirality in a way that might generalize the concepts. We hope it will lead to understanding how the single chirality of both amino acids and sugars came about, all in one fell swoop.

4. Which historical figure would you most like to have dinner with – and why?

In science, it would be Jacobus Hendricus van’t Hoff, who made important fundamental and practical contributions to both physical chemistry and organic chemistry. And he had his share of skeptics early on in his career.

5. When was the last time you did an experiment in the lab – and what was it?

The work I do now has nothing to do with what I was trained to do as a student, so the lab is a challenge. When I was on sabbatical at Harvard in 2002 with Eric Jacobsen, the graduate students agreed to let me start a reaction – hydrolytic ring opening of epoxides – by injecting water into a septum cap reaction vial. But I ended up spilling water all over the reaction calorimeter, which was embarrassing because I was the one who was supposed to be teaching them how to use it.

6. If exiled on a desert island, what one book and one music album would you take with you?

Of course the book is the complete works of William Shakespeare (“I could be bounded in a nutshell and count myself a king of infinite space, were it not that I have bad dreams”).

The music would be a CD recording of my son Daniel singing and playing guitar and piano versions of his own songs (especially his signature “Remember to Forget”) and his best covers: Queen, Simon and Garfunkel, Newton Faulkner, Richard Shindell, and Karl Jenkins’ Adiemus vocal pieces (very eclectic tastes).

7. Which chemist would you like to see interviewed on Reactions – and why?

My former Merck colleague, Ed Grabowski, who taught me the definition of enantiomeric excess, and whose response to adversity is something I can learn from: when confronted with the news that a major drug candidate involving several years’ work had failed in clinical trials, Ed promptly treated himself to fois gras and a glass of Chateau d’Yquem.

MRS: Batteries ab initio

Posted on behalf of Ros – as I’m sure you noticed the previous 2 were

A major theme of the conference this year is, unsurprisingly, the application of materials science in the search for new sustainable energy solutions. This year, Gerbrand Ceder received the MRS medal for his work in developing first principles materials design methods for battery technologies.

In his medal speech, Ceder pointed out the discrepancy between the time it takes to move a materials innovation from conception to commercialisation (on average 18 years according to a 1995 paper in Technology Review) and the urgency for novel sustainable energy solutions. Substantial government and industry interest in such technologies could accelerate such time frames to commercialisation, but nevertheless this statistic is certainly food for thought. And it was his opening gambit for a discussion on the power of ab initio methods for developing materials for improved energy storage devices.

The awardee pointed out that the search for electrode materials is a good problem for first principles thermodynamic analysis, because many of their relevant properties can be directly related to energy or free energy calculations. He has assessed thousands of compounds for their utility as electrode materials, using data mining to explore whether commonly held assumptions about electrode materials hold universally true. For example, does high energy density automatically mean low electrode stability (as a result of volume effects)? Ceder’s approach can rapidly reveal materials which do not conform to these assumptions; such outliers from general trends offer new opportunities for scientific learning and demand further scrutiny in the search for new technologies with novel performance capabilities.

Ceder hinted that new materials for other sustainable energy applications, for example thermoelectrics, could be revealed using similar computational methods.

Of course the proof of the pudding is in the eating. Ceder readily admitted that once intriguing compounds have been revealed, the arduous task of identifying synthetic strategies must commence. And then, once generated, the materials must of course be rigorously tested for their real world practical utility. Nevertheless, any approach which offers an opportunity for the acceleration of materials innovation, such as the first principles methodologies adopted by Ceder, is certainly something which materials researchers would do well to consider.

Ros

Rosamund Daw (Senior Editor, Nature)

MRS: Engineering sexual reproduction

Tony Atala of Wake Forest University is a pioneer in the field of regenerative medicine. He was first to implant an organ grown in the laboratory into humans – a bladder. Now he has taken the technology to a new level.

In Symposium X (Frontiers of materials research) Atala presented data published in a recent PNAS paper showing tissue engineered penises can be implanted into rabbits and can be fully sexually functioning. A particular challenge was the degree of vascularisation which is required for full function. As exciting were his hints to unpublished work in which his team have grown a fully functioning engineered uterus in the lab and implanted it into an animal which has subsequently conceived and grown a pup to full term. The animal suffered no ill effects and the uterus shrunk back to its normal size after birth.

Atala emphasised developments in growth factor biology as an important advance in the field of regenerative medicine. From a materials perspective, he also pointed out that the scaffolds used as the basis for his engineered organs must closely resemble the mechanical and structural properties of the tissue to be replaced.

Ros

Rosamund Daw (Senior Editor, Nature)

MRS: Materials and the environment

How hard are materials researchers really thinking about the environmental impact of new materials that they are designing? How can we make materials research a green science? John Warner of the Warner Babcock Institute presented an interesting perspective on this topic at the Green Chemistry session at the Materials Research Society Fall meeting on Monday.

While many researchers sell their new materials as more environmentally sustainable, it is often just one aspect of the materials development process which has been highlighted as benign. This is to be lauded and certainly suggests a general shift towards ‘greener’ thinking in materials science. But there are numerous issues which need to be borne in mind in order to make a material that is truly sustainable, twelve according to Warner. For example, he believes that the scientist needs consider the prevention of waste during synthesis, less hazardous reagents, energy considerations, renewable feedstocks, formation of unnecessary derivatives, use of catalysis, design for degradation, green analytical methods, amongst others. It seems a huge challenge for materials scientists to consider all these issues on top of creating the new functionality for which their new material was originally intended.

But there is an additional benefit. Warner pointed out that one of the greatest impediments to commercialising new materials and products is environmental regulation. By minimising the environmental impact of their materials as far as possible, right from the initial materials design phase, scientists will achieve an additional competitive advantage over those who have not.

What is required in the next few years is the development of a new “toolbox” of basic green chemical methods to manipulate chemical bonds, said Warner. This will be the foundation from which green materials science design will grow.

Warner also pointed out that materials science and chemistry students are rarely if ever provided with opportunities to study and thus understand the toxicity and environmental impact of materials. This needs to change, he argued, so that the next generation of scientists will have the insight to understand the how to develop new materials and processes to inflict the least damage on our environment and get the most out of our finite resources.

Ros

Rosamund Daw (Senior Editor, Nature)