Lindau09: Art meets science

On day 1 of the Lindau Meeting, art and science collided in more than one way… here’s what I got up to.

First port of call was the Inselhalle on the island of Lindau (which is connected to the mainland by road and rail). The island is a pleasant 20-30 minute walk from our hotels on the mainland, or just a few minutes drive in the space-age VW van we have been kindly given for the duration of the meeting. It has a few thousand miles on the clock but has a genuine new car smell – so much so, I though it was brand new.

Anyway the morning began in a packed lecture hall and the first Laureate to speak was the 2007 Nobel Prize recipient, Gerhard Ertl. So, the conference kicked off with some hardcore catalysis – the kind that takes place on solid surfaces. We were treated to some pretty patterns associated with complex reactions – such as the BZ reaction.

Art featured much more heavily in the second lecture of the day, which was delivered by the 1991 awardee, Richard Ernst. He told us that there is much beyond traditional science, such as arts and humanities and that we should have ‘passions’ outside of science to make us more complete individuals. His lecture ranged from the cultural history of central Asia – including, in particular, Tibetan art, of which he is a collector – to science education for monks and nuns in south India: ‘Science meets Dharma’. Ernst talked us through some fascinating pieces of art – and then moved on to art restoration and chemical techniques for pigment analysis, nicely weaving together his interests in art and science.

The first session of the day was rounded out by Ryoji Noyori whose theme was very much that chemistry is the key to our future. The moral to his story was that while nature gives us many wonderful molecules, the synthetic chemist can make so many more, and as we develop newer and better methodology, we can make them selectively and efficiently. He ended by saying that education is key and that the young researchers at the meeting are crucial for our (chemical) future.

After the coffee break, the first two speakers were Sherwood Rowland and Paul Crutzen – co-recipients of the 1995 Nobel Prize (along with Mario Molina). If you ever had any doubts about anthropogenic climate change, then you need to listen to these eminent scientists speak. The first day was then rounded out by Hartmut Michel – who received the Nobel Prize in 1988 – telling us about cytochrome c oxidase.

That was it for lectures, but then in the afternoon I turned runner/boom operator for the film crew shooting the Nature videos. I went from Laureate chauffer – driving SIr Harry Kroto and his wife to the location of the filming – to ‘microphone stand’ – which my colleague Sam assures me is the technical term for a boom operator… – I think he might be winding me up…

Anyway, after a successful shoot, Prof. Kroto and his wife had a much smoother ride back to their hotel when someone else drove the VW van, and then finally the team got together for some well-deserved tex-mex as the sun slowly set. Discussions about filming for today ensued, and then we made our way back to our hotels to recharge for today – which you can find out about tomorrow! More then…

For other NPG blogging, check out the Climate Feedback blog and Olive’s post about the renewable energy panel discussion earlier today.

Stuart

Stuart Cantrill (Chief Editor, Nature Chemistry)

Lindau09: Twitter round-up #1

For those of you who don’t follow our Twitter feed, I’m going to summarise Stu’s output from the 2009 Lindau Nobel Laureate Meeting on a daily basis

Mon 29 June

8.03am And here we go with the scientific part of the meeting after the opening ceremony yesterday – first up is Ertl https://bit.ly/txc5R

8.23am Ertl compares the reaction between carbon monoxide and oxygen to the ‘reaction’ between hares and lynxes and the fur trade – clever!

8.34am Ertl talks about spiral patterns in reactions & complexity – such as in the BZ reaction; see here for more info https://bit.ly/1nDFsB

8.35am And now it’s Richard Ernst (https://bit.ly/RFJ34) who will talk about passions and activities beyond science

9.03am Ernst says that ‘NMR is useless’ for pigment analysis – use Raman spectroscopy instead; he does this at home!

9.13am Third lecture of the morning is from Ryoji Noyori (https://bit.ly/it8MF) talking about chemistry as the key to our future

9.16am Noyori: “close involvement with society is the destiny of science”

10.19am Second session of the morning begins with Sherwood Rowland (https://bit.ly/qA6Zf) talking about green house gases & climate change

10.31am What does it take for a molecule to be a greenhouse gas? – well, one requirement is a minimum of 3 atoms (for IR absorption)

10.48am Now on stage is Paul Crutzen (https://bit.ly/qA6Zf), who says that Rowland is a hard act to follow, but that he has better slides!

11.48am Final speaker of the open scientific sessions today is Hartmut Michel (https://bit.ly/2lwtV5) – talking about cytochrome c oxidase

11.56am So, open talks on day 1 are over. The afternoon will see closed-session discussions between the young researchers & Laureates

If you want to ask Stuart questions as he tweets, get on Twitter and direct your queries @NatureChemistry!

Lindau09: Setting the scene

So, the NPG team and film crew arrived on Saturday afternoon in Germany and after checking in to our hotels on the mainland, we made our way over to the island of Lindau to meet some prospective students for the series of videos that we are producing. Much discussion ensued over dinner later in the evening and the plan for the films started to crystallise – calls were made and appointments set.

Sunday morning began with some filming of some of the students chosen to speak with the Laureates in the films. This involved finding locations on the scenic island of Lindau where there was enough sun, but not too much – and as little background noise as possible. You really don’t notice how noisy ‘background noise’ can be until you need to film! Cobbled streets and roller-suitcases make for quite a din!

Sunday afternoon then saw the opening ceremony at Lindau, which began with a very eloquent and moving address to the assembled delegates from Countess Bettina Bernadotte, President of the Council for the Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings. Two new members were admitted to the Honorary Senate of the Foundation Lindau Nobelprizewinners Meetings at Lake Constance – José Barroso, President of the EU-Commission and Kapil Sibal, Indian Minister for Human Resource Development.

The ceremony drew to a close after a discussion on the stage with five of the young researchers who are attending the meeting, during which they described what is required to succeed in science – with answers ranging from good collaborations, support, ambition, and perhaps even a little bit of luck.

We’ve now just had the first scientific session, with talks from Ertl, Ernst and Noyori – I’ll gather my thoughts and then tell you all about it a little later, but now the second session is moments away. For live updates, you can follow on Twitter!

Stuart

Stuart Cantrill (Chief Editor, Nature Chemistry)

Showing their metal

Sadly it’s my final day in Paris, but the conference has finished in fine style with a selection of talks largely focusing on organometallic chemistry and catalysts. I have a soft spot for organometallic chemistry, and so too did the audience it seems, since the lecture theatre was full, even though many attendees were probably slightly hungover from last night’s conference dinner.

But then again, who would miss the chance to see Richard Schrock? He gave a fascinating talk describing the development of his (and Amir Hoveyda’s) stereogenic-at-metal catalysts for asymmetric metathesis reactions (Nature subscribers can read the first report of this work here; JACS subscribers can read the latest paper on the subject here). I was also interested to hear that he has developed catalysts that provide Z-products from metathesis reactions, which has led to the preparation of the first cis– syndiotactic polymer (described in another JACS paper). And there’s more to come – a paper reporting enantio- and endoselective enyne metathesis is currently in press.

So how do you follow that? With Steve Buchwald, of course. He dished out some great advice for those wanting to do C-N bond formations (and I know there are many of you). So, if you’re bewildered by the array of ligands for these reactions, he reckons that one of Xphos, RuPhos (named after his cat, Rufus, by the way) or BrettPhos (which is discussed in this JACS paper) will always do the job. He’s also come up with some useful precatalysts, which he reckons should overcome the problems some people have encountered when using this chemistry (see this JACS paper for a description of the precatalysts).

Not long now before I have to dash off to catch my train home, but there’s just time to mention Jose Barluenga’s talk that discussed the use of Fischer carbene complexes and late transition metal catalysis in organic synthesis (the latter including a rather nice modular approach for making indoles – Angewandte subscribers can read about this here). Perhaps most intriguing was his discussion of a metal-free coupling of tosylhydrazones with boronic acids to make diphenymethane compounds. These were preliminary results, so I’ll be intrigued to see the paper when it’s published.

Right, I’m off to the Gare du Nord. A bientot!

Andy

Andrew Mitchinson (Senior Editor, Nature)

Reactions – Lei Zhu

Lei Zhu is in the Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry at Florida State University, and works on supramolecular chemistry and bioinorganic chemistry of zinc.

1. What made you want to be a chemist?

In high school, I enjoyed all subjects in science. The experimental part of (high school) chemistry was much more visual than those of others which swayed me to what I do now.

2. If you weren’t a chemist and could do any other job, what would it be – and why?

My career choice second to chemistry would be investigative journalism. It is not too different from science – one draws conclusions based on evidence.

3. What are you working on now, and where do you hope it will lead?

We develop fluorescent molecules that report zinc gradients in biological systems. Also, we are interested in photophysics and coordination chemistry embodied in the compounds that we design. In addition to advancing fundamental understanding of the chemical systems, I hope that our work will lead to better sensors and catalysts, and ultimately, lots of wonderful surprises.

4. Which historical figure would you most like to have dinner with – and why?

That would be Charles Darwin on the Beagle. He was a wise man and may have had incredible dinner options over his voyages.

5. When was the last time you did an experiment in the lab – and what was it?

The last entry on my notebook is March 17 this year. I prepared a precursor of ligands that we study. It’s a reaction that we have done many times. It does not go wrong. I did it to escape from my office work. I do not have a project anymore because I’m unable to provide the continuity that’s required for a project to move forward in a timely manner. Most of my lab activities involve instrument maintenance.

6. If exiled on a desert island, what one book and one music album would you take with you?

I’d happily indulge in Chinese kung fu novels which occasionally do offer recipes for preparing marine delicacies. I’m not so much a music person. I’d trade music CDs for a couple of Dane Cook comedy show recordings.

7. Which chemist would you like to see interviewed on Reactions – and why?

Maitland Jones at NYU. He’s a person with ample life experience but a young and playful heart. Also, Frantz Andersen at SUNY New Paltz would be interesting. He’s a very good friend of mine from the days at UT Austin. Frantz always has shockingly amusing tales to tell.

Chemists take on immunology

Day two of my conference in sunny Paris, and the talks moved on this afternoon to biological chemistry. Long-term readers of this blog will know that I’m not a chemical biologist, so this will be a relatively brief overview of the topics discussed – but what topics!

Kim Janda largely focused on his work discovering antibodies for various therapeutic applications. I never knew that it might be possible to develop a vaccine for cocaine addiction, but Kim seems to be well on his way, with an antibody treatment that – in animal studies – reduces the amount of cocaine that passes through the blood-brain barrier, and which offers some protection against overdoses with the drug.

Carlos Barbas’s talk also strongly featured antibodies. I was particularly taken with his idea of using bifunctional antibodies in combination with prodrugs for anticancer therapy. The antibodies bind to tumours, but they also unmask anticancer agents from the prodrugs; this ensures that cytotoxic anticancer agents are targeted exclusively to tumours (which is good, because such agents are generally also toxic to healthy cells). He showed that a prodrug of the anticancer drug etoposide, when given to mice with appropriate antibodies, elicits a 75% reduction in tumour growth compared with controls, and with no signs of toxicity.

Thomas Carell gave a brilliant talk about his studies of DNA repair mechanisms, having isolated crystal structures of some of the enzymes concerned when in complex with damaged DNA. And here’s one of those mind-boggling statistics: apparently, in humans, every cell sustains 100,000 lesions to its DNA every day. So be thankful for your photolyases and Y-polymerases, which deal with the problem.

And finally, what was the dispute between George Whitesides and Jean-Marie Lehn yesterday? Well, George was discussing the problems of designing ligands for proteins – his conclusion is that our models for the hydrophobic effect and for how water molecules behave in proteins are basically wrong. But he also declared that the ‘lock-and-key’ model of enzyme-ligand interactions is bogus too: you don’t need a precise, tight fit, as implied by the model, but rather a ‘sloppy’ fit. Jean-Marie, however, defended the lock-and-key model, saying that, at the very least, it is the best way of explaining protein-ligand interactions for non-specialists. And then he went on to use the lock-and-key analogy in his slides.

More from Paris tomorrow…

Andy

Andrew Mitchinson (Senior Editor, Nature)

I love Paris

No, I don’t mean Ms Hilton. I’m at the Tenth Tetrahedron Symposium in Paris, celebrating 50 years of Tetrahedron Letters with a stunning programme of speakers – a real who’s who of organic chemists. If you ever have the chance to attend a conference in Paris, you’ve got to go, if only because it’s a foodie’s paradise. The three-course lunch was sensational, and the mini-desserts they’ve been dishing out during coffee breaks are to die for.

But I digress. Let me tell you about the chemistry. Catalysis was the unofficial theme of the morning’s talks. A highlight for me was Masakatsu Shibasaki’s discussion of his work developing asymmetric ‘two-centre’ catalysts (so-called because they contain two different metal atoms). I love hearing how original ideas extend into different directions, and this was a great example of that, as Masakatsu described how the discovery of catalysts for asymmetric Michael reactions led on to the development of catalysts for cyclopropanations, then for epoxide-formations and ultimately for making 2,2-disubstituted oxetanes (Angewandte Chemie subscribers can see the oxetane work here).

After lunch, a smorgasbord of treats awaited us (and not just the petits fours). Peter Vollhardt described unpublished work on the chemistry of phenylenes, including a fascinating description of haptotropism in their cobalt complexes. Michael Krische gave an overview of his work developing carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions via hydrogenations – appropriately enough for the venue, this work was inspired by seminal work from the French chemists Victor Grignard and Paul Sabatier. To my mind, this is a brilliant strategy for C-C bond formations – a minireview in Angewandte about catalytic carbonyl addition through transfer hydrogenation, written by Krische, can be found here (but subscribers only, I‘m afraid).

And that’s not to mention typically mesmerising talks from the likes of George Whitesides and Jean-Marie Lehn (who had a slight disagreement regarding a well-used model of molecular recognition – but more on that tomorrow).

I could go on – but for now, I’ll sign off with an ‘au revoir’.

Andy

Andrew Mitchinson (Senior Editor, Nature)

On the road again

Tomorrow sees me hit the road (well, the rails, really) for the start of my conference season. First up is the 2009 International Symposium on Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry (ISMSC 2009) in Maastricht in The Netherlands. This brings back fond memories of my first trip to an ISMC conference (in the days before the macrocyclic and supramolecular chemistry meetings decided to merge) back in 1998. The venue was Turtle Bay on the Hawaiian island of Oahu. Brownie points for anyone who can spot me in this photo!

Next up, is a trip to the 2009 Lindau Nobel Laureate Meeting – and this year the meeting is dedicated to chemistry (with some climate concerns thrown in for good measure). The Lindau meetings bring together Nobel Laureates and young researchers from around the globe and is not your typical conference that consists of lectures and poster sessions. The laureates and researchers are thrown together for the best part of a week; for lectures, discussions and dinner – the social programme is integrated with the scientific one.

Last year at Lindau the focus was on physics and Nature produced a series of videos featuring conversations between students and Laureates – you can see all of them here. This year, we’re doing a similar thing, so look out for some videos later in the year.

I’ll be blogging from both meetings and perhaps tweeting too… so keep an eye out for what’s going on.

Stuart

Stuart Cantrill (Chief Editor, Nature Chemistry)

Reactions – Richmond Sarpong

Richmond Sarpong is in the Department of Chemistry at the University of California, Berkeley, and works on the development of strategies and methods for the total synthesis of complex natural products.

1. What made you want to be a chemist?

It’s a little bit of a clichéd story…I grew up in Ghana, West Africa, and my father, who is a medical doctor, worked closely with the World Health Organization. This was a time when a disease called ‘river blindness’ was really bad in West Africa. The company Merck came in with ivermectin and basically took care of the problem for free. I, like many, was very impressed. I cracked open my father’s copy of the Merck index and my eyes opened to chemicals and all the positive things they could do for all of us….medically of course.

2. If you weren’t a chemist and could do any other job, what would it be – and why?

I would have loved to be a professional tennis player. I love the combination of mental and physical command it requires…you have to compete in a controlled way. Alas, my limited mental and physical talent curtailed any opportunities for this.

3. What are you working on now, and where do you hope it will lead?

In my group, we are becoming very good at making complex molecules. The ability to make molecules brings with it so much. It especially puts us in a position to make use of the things that we can make to answer chemical questions in biology. So we are currently looking to build molecules with important function to address some specific problems in cancer and asthma.

4. Which historical figure would you most like to have dinner with – and why?

There are many I would like to have dinner with. Out of professional selfishness, I would say R. B. Woodward, who was amazing at designing strategies to attack complex molecule synthesis. I would really like to ask his opinion on several matters which are at the heart of a number of controversies in our field right now.

5. When was the last time you did an experiment in the lab – and what was it?

About a year ago, I ran a chemical reaction known as a Wittig reaction. I didn’t budget for the amount of time necessary for a work-up and passed it on to a very talented incoming graduate student. She has gone on to turn this half-done reaction into a series of publications…. I have come to realize that I am more useful to my laboratory by thinking critically about everyone else’s problems and getting the funding we need to continue our work than working in lab.

6. If exiled on a desert island, what one book and one music album would you take with you?

Depends on how long I would be away….could I bring a Kindle with the opportunity to constantly download more stuff? Well, if restricted to one book, again, out of a selfish professional interest, it would have be Anslyn and Dougherty’s Advanced Physical Organic chemistry book….then I can return someday and match wits with my students, who have all read it cover to cover. With regard to music, it will have to be Michael Jackson’s HIStory collection. That man is a musical genius! He has a song appropriate for every mood…if double CDs are not allowed, then I will “burn” one with Pat Metheny’s Still Life Talking, some Toto, Michael Franks and some Rick Astley…he is completely underrated!

7. Which chemist would you like to see interviewed on Reactions – and why?

Professor Brian Stoltz at Caltech. He was my postdoctoral advisor and always had fun, colorful stories to share. I think his stories will be quite inspirational for the audience of this blog.

Reactions – Aaron Wright

Aaron Wright is in the Fundamental & Computational Sciences Directorate at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and works on the development of chemical proteomics to facilitate myriad biological investigations.

1. What made you want to be a chemist?

When I was about 10 years old I received my first chemistry kit. I distinctly remember being fascinated by the changes elicited by mixing two or more chemicals together. Of course, I didn’t really understand what caused the changes, but it piqued my interest. Later, in high school, I had probably the best chemistry teacher of my life, who fostered my interest in the field, and helped direct me toward a future in chemistry.

2. If you weren’t a chemist and could do any other job, what would it be – and why?

A landscape designer/architect. I love working in the yard, whether it is mowing the lawn, weeding the garden, or completely renovating some part of the landscape.

3. What are you working on now, and where do you hope it will lead?

We are working in several diverse areas all incorporating chemical and activity-based proteomics. This includes utilizing the excellent mass spectrometry instrumentation and informatics available at PNNL to perform chemical proteomics in novel ways. Currently, our work is spread across research into subcellular fractionation, tuberculosis, microbial communities, and a smidge in biofuels.

4. Which historical figure would you most like to have dinner with – and why?

Martin Luther King, Jr. There are only a few individuals in history who have so resolutely stood upon their convictions and faith to bring about change for so many while their life was in constant danger. I imagine I could learn a lot over a dinner with him.

5. When was the last time you did an experiment in the lab – and what was it?

I performed a microscale vacuum distillation to purify a product from a reaction yesterday.

6. If exiled on a desert island, what one book and one music album would you take with you?

If exiled on an island I’d want my Bible; I wouldn’t feel so deserted with it along. As for a music album, probably the best of Johnny Cash.

7. Which chemist would you like to see interviewed on Reactions?

Lei Zhu at Florida State University.